defigo Latin · revision 31324

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=234–149 BC, Cato|origins=ine-pro *dʰeygʷ-e/o-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [deːˈfiː.ɡoː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [deˈfiː.ɡo]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''dēfīgō''' (present infinitive dēfīgere, perfect active dēfīxī, supine dēfīxum); third conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+ Varro has a participle ''dēfictus'', and an inscription ''dēfixsus''.^(OLD 2012)

+ Curse tablets spell it ''dēficō''.^(TLL)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is formed from [[m|la|dē-|t=down]] and [[m|la|fīgō|t=to fix, fasten]].^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan derives ⟨fīgō⟩ from [[ine-pro|*dʰeygʷ-e/o-|t=to stick, fix]] or ⟨*dʰiHgʷ-e/o-⟩, cognate with [[lt|díegti|t=to plant, sting]]; the old form ⟨fīvere⟩ in Festus keeps the regular Latin outcome of ⟨*gʷ⟩.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Cato tells the farmer to fix the middle of the vines in the ground with ties, in the ''De agri cultura''.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is to fix by driving down, to plant or embed, as in Cato, and to sink a weapon in someone, as the sword thrust into a man's side as he began to speak, in the ''Rhetorica ad Herennium''.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary) Figuratively it is to impress something on the mind, as Cicero's “I will fix his crimes in the eyes of all”.^(OLD 2012) It is to attach or fasten, and in augury to declare or fix with authority, as in Cicero's ''De legibus''.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ It is to keep the eyes or thoughts fixed on something, as Cicero's wish to focus all cares on the safety of the state, and to fix someone with a glance, as in Statius.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) Of feelings and events it is to stun or dumbfound, as Livy's sad silence that “numbed everyone's minds”.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) It is also to bind with a spell or bewitch, as in the ''Ciris''.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ Church Latin glosses it “fix, fashion, define”.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 234–149 BC – Cato of planting vines.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 86/82 BC – The ''Rhetorica ad Herennium'' of a sword thrust in.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of fixing thoughts and of augural rulings.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 59 BC–17 AD – Livy of minds numbed by grief.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To fix (in the ground), plant, embed; to thrust in (a weapon); to impress (on the mind).^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # To attach, [[m|en|fasten]];^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995) ''(augury)'' to declare, fix.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # To fix, focus (the eyes, thoughts); to fix with a glance.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To stun, [[m|en|dumbfound]], petrify.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To bind with a spell, [[m|en|bewitch]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[fīgō]]

+ * [[affīgō]]

+ * [[īnfīgō]]

+ * [[dēfīxiō]]

+ * [[fībula]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}