octo Latin · revision 31323

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=ine-pro *h₃(e)ḱtéh₃}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈɔk.toː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈɔk.to]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''octō''' (indeclinable)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*oktō|t=eight]], [[inh|ine-pro|*h₃(e)ḱtéh₃|t=eight]].^(de Vaan 2008) Cognate with [[sga|ocht|t=eight]], [[cy|wyth|t=eight]], [[sa|अष्टौ|tr=aṣṭáu|t=eight]], [[grc|ὀκτώ|tr=oktṓ|t=eight]], [[lt|aštuonì|t=eight]] and [[got|𐌰𐌷𐍄𐌰𐌿|tr=ahtau|t=eight]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary)^(OLD 2012) Wiktionary reports the view of Rubenbauer and Hofmann that the form looks like an old dual.^(Wiktionary) The ordinal [[m|la|octāvus|t=eighth]] seems to show a change of ⟨*-ōwos⟩ to ⟨*-āwos⟩, which Schrijver explains as a loss of rounding before the following ⟨u⟩.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from Plautus;^(de Vaan 2008) Köbler gives Ennius, whose ''Annals'' have ''mīlia mīlitum octō'', “eight thousand soldiers”.^(Köbler 2010)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is the plain cardinal number eight, as in Caesar's “eight miles” and Cicero's “a hundred and eight years”.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(OLD 2012) The OLD notes that the final vowel was probably long at first, as ⟨octōnī⟩ and ⟨October⟩ suggest, but no certain example shows it, and later poets such as Manilius treat it as short;^(OLD 2012) the TLL finds the long vowel in verse only from Arator.^(TLL)

+

+ Köbler finds it in the Bible, councils, charters and the barbarian law codes.^(Köbler 2010) Church Latin keeps it as “eight”.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 204–169 BC – Ennius of eight thousand soldiers.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 50 BC – Caesar of eight miles.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Numeral===

+ # [[m|en|eight|alt=Eight]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[octangulus]]

+ * [[octanus]]

+ * [[octennis]]

+ * [[octennium]]

+ * [[octiens]]

+ * [[octingēnī]]

+ * [[octingentī]]

+ * [[octipēs]]

+ * [[octiplicō]]

+ * [[octōiugis]]

+ * [[octominutalis]]

+ * [[octōnus]]

+ * [[octāvus]]

+ * [[octōgintā]]

+ * [[octōnārius]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[novem]]

+ * [[septem]]

+ * [[en|eight]]

+ * [[en|October]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}