iniustus Latin · revision 31320

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=ine-pro *h₂oi-u}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ɪnˈjuːs.tʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [inˈjus.tus]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''iniūstus''' (feminine iniūsta, neuter iniūstum, comparative iniūstior); first/second-declension adjective^(Wiktionary)

+ It is also spelled ''injūstus''.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is formed from [[m|la|in-|t=not]] and [[m|la|iūstus|t=just]].^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010) De Vaan explains ⟨iūstus⟩ as a derivative in ⟨-to-⟩ of [[m|la|iūs|t=law]], [[itc-pro|*jowos|t=oath, law]], an s-stem from [[ine-pro|*h₂oi-u|t=vital force, eternity]];^(de Vaan 2008) the old Latin form ⟨ious⟩ is found in inscriptions.^(de Vaan 2008) Cognate with [[sga|uisse|t=just, fitting]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Plautus has troops who trample the enemy forces, “rightly, as they are unjust”, in the ''Amphitruo'';^(OLD 2012) Köbler also gives Plautus.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Of people it is unjust or unfair, and of actions not in keeping with justice, as Terence's “how many unjust and wrong things are done by custom!”;^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) it is also undeserved, and of burdens unreasonably heavy, as Cicero's “an unfair load” and Livy's oppressive interest.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Of possession or marriage it is not recognised by law, as Livy's unlawful holders of public land.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ The TLL finds the comparative from Terence and the superlative from Cicero.^(TLL) Church Latin glosses it “unjust, godless, unrighteous”.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus of unjust enemies.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 190–159 BC – Terence of unjust deeds; first comparative.^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of an unfair burden.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 59 BC–17 AD – Livy of unlawful possessors.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # [[m|en|unjust|alt=Unjust]], unfair;^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995) ''(Ecclesiastical Latin)'' unrighteous.^(Stelten 1995)

+ # Inequitable; undeserved; excessive, oppressive.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Not lawful, not recognised (possession, marriage).^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[iniūstitia]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[iūstus]]

+ * [[iūs]]

+ * [[iniūria]]

+ * [[iniūstē]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}