improvisus Latin · revision 31318

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=ine-pro *uid-eh₁-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ɪm.proːˈwiː.sʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [im.proˈviː.s̬us]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''imprōvīsus''' (feminine imprōvīsa, neuter imprōvīsum); first/second-declension adjective^(Wiktionary)

+ It is also spelled ''inprōvīsus''.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is formed from [[m|la|in-|t=not]] and [[m|la|prōvīsus]], the participle of [[m|la|prōvideō|t=to foresee]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010) De Vaan derives ⟨videō⟩ from [[itc-pro|*wid-ē-|t=to see]] and [[ine-pro|*uid-eh₁-|t=to see]].^(de Vaan 2008) Cognate with [[xum|uirseto|t=seen]] and [[sga|ro·fitir|t=knows]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Plautus has ''ex imprōvīsō'' in the ''Rudens'', “I have found my daughter unexpectedly”;^(OLD 2012) Köbler gives Cicero as its first author.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is unforeseen, unexpected or sudden, as Cicero's “unexpected endings give some pleasure in listening”, and his wise man to whom nothing unforeseen can happen.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) As a neuter noun it is an emergency or unexpected turn, as Tacitus' men held back for emergencies.^(OLD 2012) The phrases ''ex imprōvīsō'' and ''dē imprōvīsō'' mean unexpectedly or without warning, from Plautus on.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ Köbler finds it in councils, the Bavarian and Visigothic laws, Thietmar and Widukind.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus has ''ex imprōvīsō''.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of unexpected endings.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 98–115 AD – Tacitus of emergencies.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # [[m|en|unforeseen|alt=Unforeseen]], [[m|en|unexpected]], sudden.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(neuter as noun)'' An [[m|en|emergency]]; an unexpected turn.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''ex imprōvīsō'', ''dē imprōvīsō'': unexpectedly, without warning.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[prōvideō]]

+ * [[videō]]

+ * [[imprōvidus]]

+ * [[inopīnātus]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}