exprobro Latin · revision 31314

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈɛk.sprɔ.broː], [ɛkˈsprɔb.roː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈɛk.spro.bro], [ekˈsprɔb.ro]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''exprobrō''' (present infinitive exprobrāre, perfect active exprobrāvī, supine exprobrātum); first conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+ Manuscripts very often spell it ''exprobāre''.^(TLL)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is formed from [[m|la|ex-]] and [[m|la|probrum|t=disgrace, reproach]] with the verb suffix [[m|la|-ō]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(TLL)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Plautus has “it was never my father's way to reproach good men with the good they did”, in the prologue of the ''Amphitruo''.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is to bring something up as a reproach against someone, to cast it in their teeth, as Cicero's tiresome kind of people who remind others of their favours, and Livy's soldiers who each brought up their service.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) With a clause it is to reproach someone that something is so, as Plautus' “do you keep throwing it at me that I am a slave?”, and it is also used absolutely.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Quintilian notes that the same words, said differently, can state, affirm or reproach.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ The grammarian Caper distinguishes ⟨exprobrat⟩, said of one who recalls the favours he has done, from ⟨obprobrat⟩, said of one who casts a disgrace in someone's face.^(TLL)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus of reproaching good deeds.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of people who bring up their favours.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 59 BC–17 AD – Livy of soldiers recalling their service.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 35–95/96 AD – Quintilian of tone of voice.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To bring up as a [[m|en|reproach|alt=reproach]] (against someone), cast in someone's teeth.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # To [[m|en|upbraid]], reproach.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[exprobrābilis]]

+ * [[exprōbrātiō]]

+ * [[exprobrātor]]

+ * [[exprobrātrix]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[probrum]]

+ * [[opprobrium]]

+ * [[obiciō]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ Döderlein distinguishes ''obicere'', to charge someone with something they must clear themselves of, from ''exprobrāre'', to upbraid someone with something that cannot be undone: the one calls to account, the other only puts to shame.^(Döderlein 1874)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}