proxime Latin · revision 31311

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=ine-pro *própro}}

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''proximē''' or '''proxumē''' (superlative adverb; also a preposition with the accusative)^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ An inscription spells it ''proxs-''.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is the adverb of [[m|la|proximus|t=nearest]], formed with [[m|la|-ē]], and so the superlative of [[m|la|prope|t=near]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010) De Vaan explains ⟨proximus⟩ from ⟨*propsamo-⟩, with the unusual ⟨*-psimos⟩ replaced by ⟨*-ksimos⟩, and ⟨prope⟩, following Dunkel, from an iterative [[ine-pro|*própro|t=on and on, ever further]].^(de Vaan 2008) Cognate with [[sa|प्रप्र|tr=prá-pra|t=on and on]] and [[grc|πρόπρο|tr=própro|t=before; on and on]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Plautus has “the more closely you join yourself to good men by kinship, the better” in the ''Aulularia'';^(OLD 2012) Köbler gives Cicero.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ As an adverb it is in or to the nearest place, as Varro's water as near as possible to the farmhouse, and by the nearest route, as in Livy.^(OLD 2012) In time it is most recently, as Cicero's men who were censors last, or next, very soon, as in Pliny the Younger.^(OLD 2012) In writing and argument it is just before or in the next place, as in Cicero's rhetorical works; it is also nearest in kinship, as in Plautus, and most nearly in degree, as Cicero's “I would have deceived him next”.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ As a preposition with the accusative it is nearest to in place, as Cicero's ''proximē Ītaliam'', next to in time, as in Celsus, and nearest to in degree or manner.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus of kinship.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 116–27 BC – Varro of the nearest water.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of the last censors and of nearness to Italy.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 14–37 AD – Celsus uses it as a preposition of time.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adverb===

+ # [[m|en|nearest|alt=Nearest]], very near; by the nearest route.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # Most recently, last; next, very soon.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Just before; in the next place.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Most closely (in kinship, degree); most precisely.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ===Preposition===

+ # ''(with accusative)'' Nearest to, next to (in place, time, degree).^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[proximus]]

+ * [[prope]]

+ * [[propius]]

+ * [[propinquus]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}