invidiosus Latin · revision 31305

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=234–149 BC, Cato|origins=ine-pro *weyd-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ɪn.wɪ.diˈoː.sʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [iɱ.vi.diˈɔː.s̬us]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''invidiōsus''' (feminine invidiōsa, neuter invidiōsum, comparative invidiōsior, superlative invidiōsissimus, adverb invidiōsē); first/second-declension adjective^(Wiktionary)

+ Christian inscriptions have the spellings ''inbidiōsus'' and ''invidiōsus'' with ''-biz-'' and ''-viz-''.^(TLL)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is formed from [[m|la|invidia|t=envy, ill will]] with the suffix [[m|la|-ōsus|t=full of]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) The noun belongs with [[m|la|invideō|t=to envy]], from [[m|la|videō|t=to see]], which de Vaan derives from [[itc-pro|*wid-ē-|t=to see]] and [[ine-pro|*uid-eh₁-|t=to see]].^(de Vaan 2008) Cognate with [[xum|uirseto|t=seen]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan and Köbler date it from Cato,^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010) who says in the preface to his ''De agri cultura'' that the farmer's profit is the least resented of all.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is first what arouses ill will, unpopular, odious or invidious, as in Cato, and of words used to discredit an opponent, as Cicero's “a complaint that stirs up resentment”.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) From Lucilius it is also what arouses envy, enviable, as Cicero's “enviable possessions”.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) In the poets it is jealous or envious, as Propertius' goddess jealous of beautiful women and Ovid's envious old age.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ It was borrowed into English as [[m|en|invidious]] about 1600, and through French it gave [[m|en|envious]].^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 234–149 BC – Cato of a profit that arouses no resentment.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 180–102 BC – Lucilius of what is enviable.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 57/46–12 BC – Propertius of a jealous goddess.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 1600 – Borrowed into English as ''invidious''.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # Arousing hatred or ill will, unpopular, odious, [[m|en|invidious]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Arousing envy, [[m|en|enviable]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Jealous, [[m|en|envious]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[invidia]]

+ * [[invideō]]

+ * [[invidus]]

+ * [[videō]]

+ * [[en|invidious]]

+ * [[en|envious]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}