diffundo Latin · revision 31304

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=234–149 BC, Cato|origins=ine-pro *ǵʰu-n-d-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [dɪfˈfʊn.doː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [difˈfun.do]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''diffundō''' (present infinitive diffundere, perfect active diffūdī, supine diffūsum); third conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is formed from [[m|la|dis-|t=apart]] and [[m|la|fundō|t=to pour]].^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan derives ⟨fundō⟩ from [[itc-pro|*χund-]] and the nasal present [[ine-pro|*ǵʰu-n-d-|t=to pour]].^(de Vaan 2008) Cognate with [[grc|χέω|tr=khéō|t=to pour]], [[sa|जुहोति|tr=juhóti|t=pours, sacrifices]] and [[got|𐌲𐌹𐌿𐍄𐌰𐌽|tr=giutan|t=to pour]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from Cato;^(de Vaan 2008) Varro has water “spread wide” over a place.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is to spread a liquid widely over a surface, to diffuse it through many channels, as Mela's Nile, and of wine to draw it off into smaller vessels, to bottle it, as Horace's wine bottled in the year of Taurus;^(OLD 2012)^(TLL) Pompeian jars are labelled with it.^(OLD 2012)^(TLL) It is to diffuse something through a body, as Varro's soul, and to spread out over a wide area, as Cicero's plane tree with spreading branches.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ Figuratively it is to spread fame or joy widely, as Cicero's Pompey whose fame was spread far and wide, also to squander, and to expand or enlarge.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) It is also to relax or cheer, as Ovid's day that “will cheer everyone's spirits”.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ Church Latin glosses it “pour forth, spread throughout”.^(Stelten 1995) Its participle ''diffūsus'' gave English [[m|en|diffuse]] in the 1520s.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 234–149 BC – Cato.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 116–27 BC – Varro of water spread wide.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of spreading branches and of fame.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 65–8 BC – Horace of bottled wine.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1520s – English ''diffuse'' from its participle.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To spread (a liquid) widely, pour out, [[m|en|diffuse]]; to draw off, [[m|en|bottle]] (wine).^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # To spread out, extend over a wide area; to scatter.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(figurative)'' To spread (fame, joy); to squander; to expand.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # To relax, [[m|en|cheer]].^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[diffūsilis]]

+ * [[diffūsiō]]

+ * [[diffūsor]]

+ * [[diffūsīvus]]

+ * [[diffūsus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[fundō]]

+ * [[cōnfundō]]

+ * [[effundō]]

+ * [[īnfundō]]

+ * [[circumfundō]]

+ * [[en|diffuse]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}