insuper Latin · revision 31300

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=compound|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=ine-pro *(h₁)uper(i)}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈĩː.sʊ.pɛr]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈin.su.per]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''īnsuper''' (not comparable)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is formed from [[m|la|in|t=in, on]] and [[m|la|super|t=above]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan derives ⟨super⟩ from [[itc-pro|*super(i)|t=above]] and [[ine-pro|*(h₁)uper(i)|t=over, above]], with an ⟨s-⟩ added in Latin as in [[m|la|sub]].^(de Vaan 2008) Cognate with [[xum|super|t=on top]], [[sga|for|t=over]] and [[sa|उपरि|tr=upári|t=above]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from Plautus,^(de Vaan 2008) where Amphitruo demands that the man make amends and “swear besides” that he did not mean it;^(OLD 2012) Köbler gives Ennius, who has a warrior fall “and his armour clanged over him”.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ As an adverb it is on top or above, as in Ennius, and more often in addition, besides, over and above, as in Plautus.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary) ''Īnsuper habēre'' is to overlook or pay no heed to, as in Fronto.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ As a preposition it takes the accusative, onto the top of, as in Cato's “lay a flat beam over the trees and stakes”, or the ablative, above or in addition to, as Lucretius' clouds heaped one above another.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Church Latin glosses it “in addition to, moreover, besides, above”.^(Stelten 1995) Köbler finds it often in the early medieval law codes.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 204–169 BC – Ennius of armour clanging above a fallen man.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus in the sense “besides”.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 234–149 BC – Cato uses it as a preposition.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 100–170 AD – Fronto has ''īnsuper habēre''.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adverb===

+ # On top, above, overhead.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # In addition, [[m|en|besides]], [[m|en|moreover]], over and above;^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995) ''īnsuper habēre'', to disregard.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ===Preposition===

+ # ''(with accusative)'' Onto the top of, upon, over.^(OLD 2012)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # ''(with ablative)'' Above; in addition to.^(OLD 2012)^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[deinsuper]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[super]]

+ * [[superus]]

+ * [[suprā]]

+ * [[praetereā]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ Döderlein distinguishes ''praetereā'', which completes what has gone before, from ''īnsuper'', which adds something to it, and ''ultrō'', which goes beyond it.^(Döderlein 1874)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}