furiosus Latin · revision 31290

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 450 BC, Twelve Tables|origins=la furō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [fʊ.riˈoː.sʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [fu.riˈɔː.s̬us]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''furiōsus''' (feminine furiōsa, neuter furiōsum, comparative furiōsior, superlative furiōsissimus); first/second-declension adjective^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is formed from [[m|la|furia|t=rage, fury]] with the suffix [[m|la|-ōsus|t=full of]].^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(Wiktionary) The noun belongs with [[m|la|furō|t=to rage]], for which many etymologies have been proposed and none is clearly the best.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The Twelve Tables have ''sī furiōsus est, agnātōrum gentīliumque in eō pecūniāque eius potestās estō'', “if a man is mad, his agnates and clansmen shall have power over him and his property”.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Of people it is out of one's wits, mad or frenzied, and in law a lunatic, as in the Twelve Tables and the praetor's edict, where it is also a noun, a madman or madwoman.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Of actions it is mad, wild or uncontrolled, as Cicero's “frenzied drunkenness”.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) The TLL finds the superlative from Cicero on.^(TLL)

+

+ Church Latin uses it as a noun for a mad or insane person.^(Stelten 1995) Through Old French it gave English [[m|en|furious]] in the late 14th century.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 450 BC – The Twelve Tables on the property of a madman.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of a seditious madman and of frenzied drunkenness.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * late 14th century – English ''furious'', through Old French.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # Mad, frenzied, raging, [[m|en|furious]];^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary) ''(law)'' [[m|en|lunatic]];^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary) ''furiōsus'', ''furiōsa'', a madman, madwoman.^(OLD 2012)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # Wild, uncontrolled (of actions).^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[furia]]

+ * [[furor]]

+ * [[furō]]

+ * [[furiālis]]

+ * [[īnsānus]]

+ * [[en|furious]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}