iugulo Latin · revision 31289

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=ine-pro *(H)iugo-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈjʊ.ɡʊ.ɫoː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈjuː.ɡu.lo]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''iugulō''' (present infinitive iugulāre, perfect active iugulāvī, supine iugulātum); first conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+ It is also spelled ''jugulō''.^(Wiktionary)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is formed from [[m|la|iugulum|t=collarbone, throat]] with the verb suffix [[m|la|-ō]], as the grammarians Charisius and Dositheus already said.^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan explains ⟨iugulum⟩ as probably a “small yoke”, a connecting part, from [[m|la|iugum|t=yoke]], which goes back to [[ine-pro|*(H)iugo-|t=yoke]], of the family of [[m|la|iungō|t=to join]].^(de Vaan 2008) Cognate with [[hit|iuka-|t=yoke, pair]] and [[grc|ζεύγνυμι|tr=zeúgnumi|t=to yoke]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The TLL finds it from Plautus and Terence on;^(TLL) in Plautus' ''Stichus'' a parasite jokes that he will cut his own throat that day, “with hunger”.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is to kill by cutting the throat, especially beaten gladiators and sacrificial victims, as Cicero's pig whose squeal is not heard when it is killed, and in general to shed blood or slaughter.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Celsus says a quartan fever kills no one.^(OLD 2012) Figuratively it is to ruin or destroy a person or a cause, as Cicero's Verres who must be undone by his own confession.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ Church Latin glosses it “cut the throat, slay”.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus jokes of cutting his throat with hunger.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of slaughter and of ruining by confession.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 14–37 AD – Celsus of a fatal fever.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To cut the throat of, [[m|en|slay]], kill; to [[m|en|slaughter]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # ''(of diseases)'' To prove fatal to.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(figurative)'' To ruin, destroy.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[iugulātiō]]

+ * [[iugulator]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[iugulum]]

+ * [[iugum]]

+ * [[iungō]]

+ * [[interficiō]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ Döderlein gives ''interficere'' and ''perimere'' as the most general words for putting to death, by any means and for any motive.^(Döderlein 1874)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}