damnatio Latin · revision 31285

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=86/82 BC, Rhetorica ad Herennium|origins=ine-pro *dʰh₂p-no-}}

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''damnātiō''' ''f'' (genitive damnātiōnis); third declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is formed from [[m|la|damnō|t=to condemn]] with the suffix [[m|la|-tiō]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) The verb is from [[m|la|damnum|t=loss, penalty]], which de Vaan derives from [[itc-pro|*dapno-]] and [[ine-pro|*dʰh₂p-no-|t=expense, investment]], and connects with [[m|la|daps|t=sacrificial meal]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler gives the ''Rhetorica ad Herennium'' as its first source,^(Köbler 2010) which speaks of a defence without which not even a small doubt can delay condemnation.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is condemnation in a court of law, as in Cicero, who joins it with ''ignōminia''.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) In the law of wills it is the binding of an heir to do something, the legacy ''per damnātiōnem'' with the formula ''hērēs meus Stichum servum meum dare damnās estō'', “let my heir be bound to give my slave Stichus”, in Gaius.^(OLD 2012) It is also an adverse judgement on things, as Pliny the Elder's herb held poisonous in Sardinia.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ In Christian Latin it is damnation,^(Stelten 1995)^(Wiktionary)^(Niermeyer 1976) and in medieval Latin also a wrong or detriment.^(Niermeyer 1976) Köbler finds it in the capitularies, councils, law codes and Thomas Aquinas.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 86/82 BC – The ''Rhetorica ad Herennium'' of condemnation in court.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 140–180 AD – Gaius on legacies ''per damnātiōnem''.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # [[m|en|condemnation|alt=Condemnation]] (in a court of law); an adverse judgement.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # ''(law)'' The binding of an heir under a will.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(Ecclesiastical Latin)'' [[m|en|damnation|alt=Damnation]].^(Stelten 1995)^(Wiktionary)^(Niermeyer 1976)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' A wrong, detriment.^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[damnō]]

+ * [[damnum]]

+ * [[condemnō]]

+ * [[damnōsus]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}