profugus Latin · revision 31282

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=ine-pro *bʰug-i-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈprɔ.fʊ.ɡʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈprɔː.fu.ɡus]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''profugus''' (feminine profuga, neuter profugum); first/second-declension adjective^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is formed from [[m|la|profugiō|t=to flee, escape]] with the ending ⟨-us⟩.^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(Wiktionary) The verb is [[m|la|prō-|t=forth]] and [[m|la|fugiō|t=to flee]], which de Vaan derives from [[itc-pro|*fug-i-]] and [[ine-pro|*bʰug-i-|t=to flee]], cognate with [[grc|φεύγω|tr=pheúgō|t=to flee]].^(de Vaan 2008) Servius, commenting on the second line of Virgil's epic, says it properly means one who wanders far from his home, “as if driven far away”.^(TLL)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler gives Plautus as the first author of the adjective and Sallust of the noun;^(Köbler 2010) Sallust has Jugurtha's soldiers “fleeing” when the enemy pressed harder.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is fleeing, fugitive, and as a noun a fugitive or runaway, as in Statius.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) In poetry it is said of things that slip from one's grasp, as Seneca's water that turns away from Tantalus' mouth, and figuratively of one shrinking from a task, as in Apuleius.^(OLD 2012) It is also one who has fled his country or home, exiled, as Sallust's Trojans “wandering with no fixed home”, and as a noun an exile or refugee, as in Ovid's ''Tristia''.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ Lewis and Short note it is not in Cicero or Caesar.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Church Latin glosses it “fleeing, wandering, unsettled” and as a noun “fugitive, refugee”.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus.^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 86–34 BC – Sallust of fleeing soldiers and of the wandering Trojans.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 43 BC–18 AD – Ovid of an exile.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 400 AD – Servius explains it on the ''Aeneid''.^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # Fleeing, [[m|en|fugitive]];^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995) ''(poetic)'' eluding one's grasp; shrinking (from a task).^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # Exiled, banished; wandering, roving.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ===Noun===

+ # A fugitive, runaway; an [[m|en|exile]], [[m|en|refugee]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[profuga]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[profugiō]]

+ * [[fugiō]]

+ * [[fuga]]

+ * [[perfuga]]

+ * [[trānsfuga]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ Döderlein notes that ''perfuga'' and ''trānsfuga'' are deserters who go over from one side to the other, the ''perfuga'' as a traitor to his own side, the ''trānsfuga'' as a waverer.^(Döderlein 1874)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}