ἰδίωμα Ancient Greek · revision 3128

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=4th–3rd century BC, Epicurus|origins=grc ἴδιος}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (5th-century BC Attic): /i.dí.ɔː.ma/^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (4th-century AD Koine): /iˈði.o.ma/^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (10th-century Byzantine): /iˈði.o.ma/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''ῐ̓δῐ́ωμᾰ''' (idíōma) ''n'' (genitive ῐ̓δῐώμᾰτος); third declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is derived from [[ἰδιόω|tr=idióō|t=to make one's own]] with the suffix of result nouns [[m|grc|-μα|tr=-ma]]; the verb is from [[ἴδιος|tr=ídios|t=one's own, peculiar]].^(Wiktionary)^(LSJ 1940)^(CGL 2021)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Epicurus uses it for a peculiarity or specific property, as of colours.^(LSJ 1940)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The Stoics and Polybius use it for the distinctive character of a country, a people or a constitution, and later writers for the property of a drug, a law or a number.^(LSJ 1940)^(CGL 2021) Dionysius of Halicarnassus applies it to the peculiarities of a writer's style, Apollonius Dyscolus speaks of a “Homeric idiom”, and Athenaeus of the style of a paean.^(LSJ 1940)

+

+ Latin borrowed it as [[m|la|idiōma]].^(Wiktionary) Modern Greek [[m|el|ιδίωμα|tr=idíoma]] is a local variety of a language, a dialect, in a sense taken from French ''idiome'', and colloquially a peculiar habit.^(Triantafyllidis 1998)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 4th–3rd century BC – Epicurus uses it for a specific property.^(LSJ 1940)

+ * 2nd century BC – Polybius uses it for the character of a constitution.^(LSJ 1940)^(CGL 2021)

+ * 1st century BC – Dionysius of Halicarnassus uses it for a peculiarity of style.^(LSJ 1940)

+ * 2nd century AD – Apollonius Dyscolus speaks of a Homeric idiom.^(LSJ 1940)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A peculiarity, specific property, distinctive characteristic.^(LSJ 1940)^(CGL 2021)

+ # A peculiarity of style; an [[m|en|idiom]].^(LSJ 1940)^(Wiktionary)

+ # A [[m|en|style]].^(LSJ 1940)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[ἰδιωματικός|tr=idiōmatikós]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[ἴδιος|tr=ídios]]

+ * [[ἰδιώτης|tr=idiṓtēs]]

+ * [[la|idioma]]

+ * [[en|idiom]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}