libo Latin · revision 31276

+ {{infobox|confidence=disputed|formation=derivation|attested=c. 280/260–before 200 BC, Livius Andronicus|origins=ine-pro *h₂le/oibʰ-o-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈliː.boː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈliː.bo]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''lībō''' (present infinitive lībāre, perfect active lībāvī, supine lībātum); first conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ De Vaan follows Steinbauer in taking it as a verb made from [[m|la|lībum|t=sacrificial cake]], “to make a sacrificial cake”, from [[itc-pro|*leifo-|t=sacrificial cake]] and [[ine-pro|*h₂le/oibʰ-o-]], cognate with [[grc|ἀλείφω|tr=aleíphō|t=to anoint]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) The OLD and the TLL instead compare [[grc|λείβω|tr=leíbō|t=to pour]] and [[grc|λοιβή|tr=loibḗ|t=libation]]; the TLL adds that the ancients heard ⟨lībāre⟩ beside ⟨lībum⟩, but it is uncertain whether they are related.^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from Livius Andronicus,^(de Vaan 2008) and Cato's ''De agri cultura'' has ''fertum lībandum'', a cake to be offered.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is to pour a libation of something, as Virgil's wine “we pour from bowls of gold”, to offer the first part of something, as in Cato, and to pour a libation on an altar.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary) It is also to pour liquids in a more or less ritual way, as in Ovid, of water sprinkled on clothes and head.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ From taking a little it is to sip or nibble, as Lucretius' bees that sip at every flower, to touch lightly or graze, as Ovid's food that she has touched with her fingers, and ''ōscula lībāre'', to kiss.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary) It is also to pick a choice part, as in the ''Rhetorica ad Herennium'', of one who would gather praise from others' labours, and to diminish or impair, as Lucretius' soul that withdraws diminished.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Church Latin glosses it “touch, taste, pour out, sacrifice, consecrate”.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 280/260–before 200 BC – Livius Andronicus.^(de Vaan 2008)

+ * 234–149 BC – Cato of offering a cake.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 96–55 BC – Lucretius of bees sipping.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil of a libation from golden bowls.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To pour a [[m|en|libation]] (of); to offer; to consecrate.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # To pour, sprinkle (ritually).^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To [[m|en|sip]], taste, nibble.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # To touch lightly, graze;^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) ''ōscula lībāre'', to kiss.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To pick out (a choice part); to diminish, impair.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[dēlībō]]

+ * [[dēlibuō]]

+ * [[illībātus]]

+ * [[lībāmen]]

+ * [[lībāmentum]]

+ * [[lībātiō]]

+ * [[lībātor]]

+ * [[lībātōrium]]

+ * [[praelībō]]

+ * [[prōlībō]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[lībum]]

+ * [[en|libation]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ ''Libō'', ''Libōnis'' is a separate word, a Roman cognomen of the Marcii and Scribonii, in Cicero and Horace.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}