diffido Latin · revision 31273

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=81–43 BC, Cicero|origins=ine-pro *bʰeydʰ-e/o-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [dɪfˈfiː.doː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [difˈfiː.do]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''diffīdō''' (present infinitive diffīdere, perfect active diffīsus sum); third conjugation, semi-deponent^(Wiktionary)

+ It is deponent in the perfect tenses, ''diffīsus sum'', and post-classical Latin also has an active perfect ''diffīdī''.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ An inscription spells the participle ''d(if)eidens''.^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is formed from [[m|la|dis-|t=apart, not]] and [[m|la|fīdō|t=to trust]].^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan derives ⟨fīdō⟩ from [[itc-pro|*feiþe-]] and [[ine-pro|*bʰeydʰ-e/o-|t=to trust]], the root also of [[m|la|fidēs|t=faith]], cognate with [[xum|kumpifiatu|t=let him announce]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The OLD's earliest examples are in Cicero,^(OLD 2012) who says the guilty flee trial “because they distrust their case”, and in an early speech “I had no confidence that I could make a stand in this case”.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is to lack confidence in a good outcome, to despair, and with the dative to have no trust in someone or something.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary) With an accusative and infinitive it is to have no confidence that, and with an infinitive to expect not to.^(OLD 2012) Lewis and Short find it frequent and classical, most often with the dative.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ Church Latin glosses it “mistrust”.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of distrusting one's case.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|distrust]], lack confidence (in); to be [[m|en|diffident]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # To [[m|en|despair]] (of); to expect not (to).^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[diffīdentia]]

+ * [[subdiffīdō]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[fīdō]]

+ * [[cōnfīdō]]

+ * [[fidēs]]

+ * [[fīdus]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}