κακοφωνία Ancient Greek · revision 3127

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=1st century BC, Philodemus|origins=grc κακός, grc φωνή}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (5th-century BC Attic): /ka.ko.pʰɔː.ní.aː/^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (4th-century AD Koine): /ka.ko.ɸoˈni.a/^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (10th-century Byzantine): /ka.ko.foˈni.a/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''κᾰκοφωνῐ́ᾱ''' (kakophōníā) ''f'' (genitive κᾰκοφωνῐ́ᾱς); first declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is derived from [[κακόφωνος|tr=kakóphōnos|t=ill-sounding]] with the suffix [[m|grc|-ία|tr=-íā]]; the adjective is formed from [[κακός|tr=kakós|t=bad]] and [[φωνή|tr=phōnḗ|t=sound, voice]].^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Philodemus uses it as the opposite of [[εὐφωνία|tr=euphōnía|t=pleasant sound]].^(LSJ 1940)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Strabo uses it for the ill sound of a place name, and the treatise ''On Style'' ascribed to Demetrius and Apollonius Dyscolus for cacophony in speech.^(LSJ 1940) Galen distinguishes it from [[δυσφωνία|tr=dusphōnía|t=difficulty in speaking]].^(LSJ 1940)

+

+ Modern Greek [[m|el|κακοφωνία|tr=kakofonía]] is a learned word for a disharmony of sounds, such as many consonants together in a word, and Russian ''какофония'' comes from it.^(Triantafyllidis 1998)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1st century BC – Philodemus opposes it to euphony.^(LSJ 1940)

+ * 1st century BC – 1st century AD – Strabo uses it of a place name.^(LSJ 1940)

+ * 2nd century AD – Apollonius Dyscolus and Galen use it.^(LSJ 1940)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # An ill sound, [[m|en|cacophony]], as opposed to [[m|en|euphony]].^(LSJ 1940)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[κακός|tr=kakós]]

+ * [[φωνή|tr=phōnḗ]]

+ * [[εὐφωνία|tr=euphōnía]]

+ * [[en|cacophony]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}