temperantia Latin · revision 31269

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=116–27 BC, Varro|origins=ine-pro *temp-os}}

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''temperantia''' ''f'' (genitive temperantiae); first declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is formed from [[m|la|temperāns|t=moderate, self-restrained]], the present participle of [[m|la|temperō|t=to moderate, restrain]], with the suffix [[m|la|-ia]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Köbler 2010) De Vaan derives the verb from ⟨*tempes-āje-⟩, made on the s-stem of [[m|la|tempus|t=time]], [[itc-pro|*tempos-|t=stretch, measure]], from [[ine-pro|*temp-os|t=stretch]]; its sense “to restrain, modify” shows the shift from stretching to measuring also seen in [[m|la|templum|t=sacred precinct]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Varro has ''temperantia loquentis'', the restraint of the speaker;^(OLD 2012) Köbler gives Cicero as its first author.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is self-control, moderation or restraint as a moral quality, the virtue that governs the desires and the movements of the mind.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary) In Apuleius' ''De mundo'' it is balance or equilibrium, of the order of the universe.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ Church Latin glosses it “temperance, moderation, self-control”,^(Stelten 1995) and in medieval Latin it also means climate.^(Niermeyer 1976) Through Anglo-French it gave English [[m|en|temperance]] in the mid-14th century, also as the name of a cardinal virtue.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 116–27 BC – Varro of a speaker's restraint.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero.^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 125–175 AD – Apuleius of the balance of the universe.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * mid-14th century – English ''temperance''.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # [[m|en|self-control|alt=Self-control]], [[m|en|moderation]], restraint, [[m|en|temperance]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # Balance, equilibrium.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' [[m|en|climate|alt=Climate]].^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[temperō]]

+ * [[temperāns]]

+ * [[tempus]]

+ * [[moderātiō]]

+ * [[continentia]]

+ * [[en|temperance]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ Döderlein notes that ''modus'' in a moral sense is the objective mean, “nothing in excess”, while ''modestia'' and ''moderātiō'' are the corresponding subjective qualities.^(Döderlein 1874)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}