exemplar Latin · revision 31255

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=96–55 BC, Lucretius|origins=ine-pro *h₁em-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ɛkˈsɛm.pɫar]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [eɡˈzɛm.plar]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''exemplar''' ''n'' (genitive exemplāris); third declension^(Wiktionary)

+ Lucretius has the fuller form ''exemplāre''.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ Late Latin also has ''exemplārium'', formed from the plural.^(TLL)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is formed from [[m|la|exemplum|t=example, pattern]] with the suffix [[m|la|-ar]], or is the shortened neuter of the adjective [[m|la|exemplāris|t=exemplary]].^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan lists ⟨exemplum⟩ with [[m|la|emō|t=to buy, originally to take]], from [[itc-pro|*eme/o-|t=to take]] and [[ine-pro|*h₁em-e/o-|t=to take]], cognate with [[osc|emmens|t=they took]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Lucretius has “a small thing can give an example of great things”,^(OLD 2012) and Köbler gives Cicero as its first author.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is a typical instance, example or illustration, as in Lucretius, and a specimen, as Vitruvius' mud-roofed specimen of antiquity.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) It is a model or pattern for imitation, as Cicero's state with no fixed model, and an original pattern or archetype, a Platonic idea, as in Seneca, also the sketch for a finished work, in Vitruvius.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ It is also a copy or reproduction, as Cicero's “he who looks at a true friend looks at a kind of copy of himself”, and a transcript of a book or document, as Cicero's book for which he had no copy.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) In medieval Latin it is a picture or drawing, a pattern or sketch, and an archetype.^(Niermeyer 1976) Through Old French and Late Latin ''exemplārium'' it gave English [[m|en|exemplar]] in the late 14th century, first of the model of the universe in the mind of God.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 96–55 BC – Lucretius of an example.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of a model and of a copy.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 84–c. 25 BC – Vitruvius of a specimen and a sketch.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * late 14th century – English ''exemplar''.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # An example, illustration; a [[m|en|specimen]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # A model, [[m|en|pattern]]; an original, [[m|en|archetype]]; a sketch.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)^(Niermeyer 1976)

+ # A copy, reproduction; a [[m|en|transcript]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' A picture, drawing.^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[exemplārium]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[exemplum]]

+ * [[exemplāris]]

+ * [[eximō]]

+ * [[emō]]

+ * [[en|exemplar]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ Döderlein distinguishes ''exemplum'', one example out of many, chosen as fit for a purpose, from ''exemplar'', an example above others, chosen as fit to represent the whole kind.^(Döderlein 1874)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}