defungor Latin · revision 31243

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=190–159 BC, Terence|origins=ine-pro *bʰu-n-g-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [deːˈfʊŋ.ɡɔr]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [deˈfuŋ.ɡor]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''dēfungor''' (present infinitive dēfungī, perfect active dēfūnctus sum); third conjugation, deponent^(Wiktionary)

+ Terence has the old infinitive ''dēfungier''.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(TLL)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is formed from [[m|la|dē-|t=off, completely]] and [[m|la|fungor|t=to perform, discharge]].^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan derives ⟨fungor⟩ from [[itc-pro|*fung-e/o-]] and the nasal present [[ine-pro|*bʰu-n-g-|t=to be of use]].^(de Vaan 2008) Cognate with [[sa|भुञ्जते|tr=bhuñjaté|t=benefits, enjoys]] and [[sga|bongaid|t=breaks, harvests]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from Terence,^(de Vaan 2008) whose prologue to the ''Eunuchus'' says “I am done with it now, there is nothing he can say against me”.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is to bring a matter to an end and be quit of it, and with the ablative to get off with a cost, as Livy's state that came through with very few deaths; in law it is to settle a case for a sum.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) It is to be done with or rid of something, as Cicero's wish to be rid of all popular agitation, and to carry out an order;^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) ''dēfūnctus honōribus'' is one who has completed an official career.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ From the sense of having finished one's course, the perfect came to mean to have died, as Pliny the Elder's “when he had died, the fish came”.^(OLD 2012) Church Latin glosses it “die, depart, finish, perform”.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 190–159 BC – Terence of being done with a matter.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of a man who has completed his official career.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 59 BC–17 AD – Livy of a state that got off with few deaths.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 23/24–79 AD – Pliny the Elder of a man who has died.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To finish with, be quit of; to get off (with), make do (with);^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary) ''(law)'' to settle a case.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To be done with, be rid of; to [[m|en|discharge]], perform;^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995) ''dēfūnctus honōribus'', having completed an official career.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(perfect)'' To have died, be [[m|en|defunct]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[dēfūnctiō]]

+ * [[dēfunctōrius]]

+ * [[dēfūnctus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[fungor]]

+ * [[perfungor]]

+ * [[fūnctiō]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ Isidore of Seville reports that some named mushrooms (''fungī'') from the deadly kinds, “whence also the ''dēfūnctī''”.^(TLL)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}