reprimo Latin · revision 31240

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=ine-pro *pres-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈrɛ.prɪ.moː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈrɛː.pri.mo]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''reprimō''' (present infinitive reprimere, perfect active repressī, supine repressum); third conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+ An inscription and some old manuscripts spell it ''repraem-''.^(TLL)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is formed from [[m|la|re-|t=back]] and [[m|la|premō|t=to press]].^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan derives ⟨premō⟩ from [[itc-pro|*pres-]] and [[ine-pro|*pr-es-|t=to press]].^(de Vaan 2008) Cognate with [[lt|per̃ti|t=to beat, lash]] and [[sa|पृत्|tr=pṛ́t-|t=battle]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Plautus has ''vix reprimor'', “I can hardly hold myself back” from telling a woman to stay, in the ''Miles gloriosus'',^(OLD 2012) and Terence ''sed reprimam mē'', “but I'll check myself”.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is to hold back natural forces or stop a flow, as Cicero's Alban lake held in check, and to keep something from developing.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) In medicine it is to reduce an inflammation, as in Celsus.^(OLD 2012) With ''iter'', ''pedem'' or ''vōcem'' it is to check one's course, foot or voice, as Caesar's men who stopped running of their own accord.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ It is to restrain people, in war to check an enemy's advance, as Cicero's Gauls flooding into Italy, and to refrain from speaking or from doing something.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) It is also to repress actions and feelings, as Terence's “curb your anger”.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Church Latin glosses it “repress, curb”.^(Stelten 1995) Its participle ''repressus'' gave English [[m|en|repress]] in the late 14th century.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus of holding oneself back.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 190–159 BC – Terence of checking oneself and curbing anger.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of checking the Gauls.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * late 14th century – English ''repress'' from its participle.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To hold back, [[m|en|check]] (a force, a flow); to keep from developing.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(medicine)'' To reduce (an inflammation).^(OLD 2012)

+ # To check (one's course, foot, voice); to restrain (people, an enemy's advance);^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) ''sē reprimere'', to refrain.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To [[m|en|repress]], curb (feelings, actions).^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[repressor]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[premō]]

+ * [[comprimō]]

+ * [[opprimō]]

+ * [[exprimō]]

+ * [[supprimō]]

+ * [[en|repress]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}