armatura Latin · revision 31228

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=81–43 BC, Cicero|origins=ine-pro *h₂er-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ar.maːˈtuː.ra]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ar.maˈtuː.ra]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''armātūra''' ''f'' (genitive armātūrae); first declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is formed from [[m|la|armō|t=to arm]] with the suffix [[m|la|-ūra]].^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(Wiktionary) The verb comes from [[m|la|arma|t=weapons]], which de Vaan traces to [[itc-pro|*armo-]] and [[ine-pro|*h₂(e)r-mo-|t=fitting]], from the root [[m|ine-pro|*h₂er-|t=to join, fit]]; the meaning developed from “what is fitted together” or “tools” to “weapons”.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler gives Cicero as its first author,^(Köbler 2010) whose letters say that Deiotarus had thirty cohorts “armed in our manner”.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is a type of military equipment or arms, as Cicero's varied equipment of infantry and cavalry, and ''levis armātūra'' is light-armed troops, as in Cicero and Caesar.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Suetonius uses it of a troop of gladiators, the Thracians whom Titus favoured, and inscriptions of the later army name a rank or class of soldier of uncertain meaning.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ The TLL notes that it is never a noun of action, and that it lives on in [[it|armatura]], [[fr|armure]] and [[es|armadura]].^(TLL) In medieval Latin it is a ship's rigging, equipment including weapons and armour, armour itself, a single weapon and a coat of arms.^(Niermeyer 1976) English [[m|en|armature]] comes from it, first for an armed force and since the mid-15th century for armour.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of equipment and of light-armed troops.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 75–c. 150 AD – Suetonius of a troop of gladiators.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 1400 – English [[m|en|armature]] “an armed force”.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # Military equipment, [[m|en|armament]], armour.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # ''levis armātūra'': light-armed troops.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # A troop (of gladiators).^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(Late Latin)'' A rank or class of soldier.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' Rigging; a single weapon; a [[m|en|coat of arms]].^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[arma]]

+ * [[armō]]

+ * [[armātus]]

+ * [[en|armature]]

+ * [[en|armour]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}