extemplo Latin · revision 31222

+ {{infobox|confidence=disputed|formation=derivation|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=la tempus}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ɛkˈstɛm.pɫoː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ekˈstɛm.plo]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''extemplō''' (not comparable)^(Wiktionary)

+ Plautus often has the older form ''extempulō''.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It goes back to ⟨*ex tempulō⟩, formed from [[m|la|ex|t=out of]] and a diminutive ⟨*tempulum⟩ of [[m|la|tempus|t=time]], as the OLD and Wiktionary have it; compare ⟨ex tempore⟩.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) Lewis and Short, the TLL and Köbler take ⟨tempulum⟩ as a diminutive of [[m|la|templum|t=sacred precinct]], the place from which the augurs observed the sky.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010) Servius, on Virgil, already explains it as said of augurs who rose ⟨ē templō⟩, “from the precinct”, once they had seen the signs.^(TLL) De Vaan derives ⟨tempus⟩ from [[itc-pro|*tempos-|t=stretch, measure]] and ⟨templum⟩ from the same root.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Plautus is its first author,^(Köbler 2010) with ''senex quom extemplō est, iam nec sentit nec sapit'', “as soon as a man is old, he no longer feels or understands”, in the ''Mercator''.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is “at once, immediately”, as Ennius' oarsmen who “sweep the sea gently at once”, and ''cum extemplō'' is “as soon as”.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Livy and Virgil use it for “from the first”, as Hannibal fearing the dictator's prudence from the start.^(OLD 2012) It also means “directly, without more ado”, as in Plautus and Lucretius.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus has ''extempulō'' and ''quom extemplō''.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 204–169 BC – Ennius of oarsmen.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 59 BC–17 AD – Livy for “from the first”.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adverb===

+ # At once, [[m|en|immediately]], forthwith.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''cum extemplō'': as soon as.^(OLD 2012)

+ # From the first.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Directly, without more ado.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[tempus]]

+ * [[templum]]

+ * [[statim]]

+ * [[īlicō]]

+ * [[repente]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ Döderlein contrasts it with ''ē vestīgiō'': both are opposed to delay, but ''extemplō'' refers to time (“in a moment”) and ''ē vestīgiō'' to place (“on the spot”); ''īlicō'' and ''īlicet'' are opposed to slowness.^(Döderlein 1874)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}