trucido Latin · revision 31213

+ {{infobox|confidence=uncertain|formation=compound|attested=96–55 BC, Lucretius|origins=la caedō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [trʊˈkiː.doː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [truˈt͡ʃiː.do]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''trucīdō''' (present infinitive trucīdāre, perfect active trucīdāvī, supine trucīdātum); first conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ Its second part is [[m|la|caedō|t=to cut, kill]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) Wiktionary and de Vaan explain it as a shortened ⟨*trucicīdō⟩ from [[m|la|trux|t=savage]] and ⟨caedō⟩, “to hack savagely”; the OLD and de Vaan also mention a first element ⟨*kʷtru-⟩ from [[m|la|quattuor|t=four]], “to cut into four”, and Lewis and Short think of [[m|la|truncus|t=trunk]].^(Wiktionary)^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) The origin of ⟨trux⟩ itself is uncertain; de Vaan mentions a link with [[cel-pro|*druko-|t=bad]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan gives Lucretius as its first author;^(de Vaan 2008) the OLD's earliest example is a speech of Gracchus, and Cato already has the noun [[trucīdātiō]].^(OLD 2012)^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is to slaughter animals, and above all to kill people savagely or in great numbers, to butcher or massacre, as in Cicero's ''Catilinarians'', Virgil and Livy.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Figuratively Cicero has young men “butchered by usury”.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ Church Latin glosses it “slaughter, slay, massacre, cut to pieces”.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 96–55 BC – Lucretius.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of massacre and of ruin by usury.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 59 BC–17 AD – Livy.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|slaughter]] (animals).^(OLD 2012)

+ # To kill savagely, [[m|en|butcher]], [[m|en|massacre]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # ''(figurative)'' To ruin.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[contrucīdō]]

+ * [[trucīdātiō]]

+ * [[trucidator]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[trux]]

+ * [[caedō]]

+ * [[obtruncō]]

+ * [[iugulō]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ Döderlein groups it with the verbs for killing: ''interficere'' and ''perimere'' are the general words, however the death is caused.^(Döderlein 1874)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}