cohortor Latin · revision 31207

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=ine-pro *ǵʰer-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [koˈ(ɦ)ɔr.tɔr]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [koˈɔr.tor]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''cohortor''' (present infinitive cohortārī, perfect active cohortātus sum); first conjugation, deponent^(Wiktionary)

+ Quadrigarius has an active form ''cohortō'', and Cato uses the past participle in a passive sense.^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is formed from [[m|la|con-|t=together, thoroughly]] and [[m|la|hortor|t=to urge]].^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan explains ⟨hortor⟩ as the frequentative of [[m|la|horior|t=to urge]], from [[itc-pro|*χerje-]] and the present [[ine-pro|*ǵʰer-i-|t=to enjoy]], with a development “stick out” > “be excited” > “enjoy”; cognates are [[osc|herest|t=will want]] and [[xum|heri|t=wants]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan gives Plautus as its first author.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is to exhort, rouse or encourage, above all of a general addressing his men before battle, as Caesar's ''cohortātus suōs proelium commīsit'', “having encouraged his men, he joined battle”.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) With an infinitive or ''ad'' it is to urge to an action, as Cicero's veterans urged to defend the liberty of the Roman people and his exhortation to philosophy.^(OLD 2012) Fronto uses it of urging a virtue.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ Church Latin glosses it “encourage, exhort”.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of urging to philosophy.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 50 BC – Caesar of a general encouraging his men.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|exhort]], encourage, rouse (especially troops before battle).^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # To urge (to an action).^(OLD 2012)

+ # To urge (a virtue or attitude).^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[hortor]]

+ * [[adhortor]]

+ * [[exhortor]]

+ * [[dehortor]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}