profundo Latin · revision 31206

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=ine-pro *ǵʰew-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [prɔˈfʊn.doː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [proˈfun.do]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''profundō''' (present infinitive profundere, perfect active profūdī, supine profūsum); third conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+ Catullus scans the first syllable long.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is formed from [[m|la|prō-|t=forth]] and [[m|la|fundō|t=to pour]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan derives ⟨fundō⟩ from [[itc-pro|*χunde-]] and the present [[ine-pro|*ǵʰu-n-d-|t=to pour]], from the root [[m|ine-pro|*ǵʰew-]], cognate with [[grc|χέω|tr=khéō|t=to pour]] and [[sa|जुहोति|tr=juhóti|t=pours, sacrifices]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Plautus is its first author,^(Köbler 2010) whose miser in the ''Aulularia'' “weeps to pour away water when he washes”.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is to pour out a liquid, of springs to pour forth water, and to shed fluids from the body, especially blood;^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) ''animam'' or ''vītam profundere'' is to die or to give one's life, as Cicero's Miltiades who died in chains.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) It is also to send out flames, to put forth shoots, and to pour out words or publish copiously, as in Lucilius and Cicero.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ Reflexively a crowd streams forth, as Caesar's archers, and feelings break out, as Cicero's pleasures that suddenly burst out after being held in.^(OLD 2012) It is to let the limbs hang loosely in sleep, as in Lucretius, and in the passive to prostrate oneself.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) It also means to lavish or squander, as Cicero's “one must give, one must pour out money”.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Church Latin glosses it “pour out or forth, cause to flow, rush out”.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus of pouring away water.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 220–130 BC – Pacuvius of a man prostrated by grief.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 96–55 BC – Lucretius of limbs relaxed in sleep.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of giving one's life and of lavishing money.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To pour out; to [[m|en|shed]] (blood); ''animam profundere'', to die, give one's life.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To send forth (flames); to put forth (shoots).^(OLD 2012)

+ # To pour out (words); to publish copiously.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(reflexive)'' (of a crowd) To stream forth;^(OLD 2012)^(Stelten 1995) (of feelings) to break out.^(OLD 2012)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # To let (the limbs) hang loosely;^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) ''(passive)'' to [[m|en|prostrate]] oneself.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To [[m|en|lavish]], [[m|en|squander]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[profūsiō]]

+ * [[profusor]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[fundō]]

+ * [[effundō]]

+ * [[prōfūsus]]

+ * [[en|profuse]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}