impudens Latin · revision 31204

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=la pudeō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈɪm.pʊ.dẽːs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈim.pu.dens]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''impudēns''' (genitive impudentis, comparative impudentior, superlative impudentissimus, adverb impudenter); third-declension one-termination adjective^(Wiktionary)

+ It is also spelled ''inpudēns''.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(TLL)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is formed from the negative [[m|la|in-|t=not]] and [[m|la|pudēns|t=modest, bashful]], the present participle of [[m|la|pudeō|t=to make ashamed]].^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(Wiktionary)^(Köbler 2010) De Vaan reconstructs [[itc-pro|*pudē-|t=to be ashamed]] but finds no certain further origin: Walde and Hofmann compare [[m|la|paviō|t=to strike]], and Ernout and Meillet, hesitantly, a root ⟨*speud-⟩ “to press, hurry”.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Plautus is its first author,^(Köbler 2010) whose ''Aulularia'' has “you dared to come to me with that talk, you shameless man!”.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is shameless, impudent or brazen, of persons, of words and acts, as Plautus' “that letter is shameless from the start”, and of the face, as Terence's “that shameless face of yours”.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Cicero sets ''pudēns'' against ''impudēns'' as ''probus'' against ''improbus''.^(Lewis & Short 1879) It is also lacking in decency or immodest, as Cicero's letter on obscene words, whose talk is “veiled in words, more indecent in substance”.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ Köbler finds it in the ''Carmina Burana'' and in Hrotsvitha.^(Köbler 2010) English [[m|en|impudent]] comes from it, from the late 14th century.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus of a shameless man and a shameless letter.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 190–159 BC – Terence of a shameless face.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of indecent talk.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * late 14th century – English [[m|en|impudent]].^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # [[m|en|shameless|alt=Shameless]], [[m|en|impudent]], brazen.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Indecent, immodest.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[impudentia]]

+ * [[subimpudens]]

+ * [[impudenter]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[pudēns]]

+ * [[pudor]]

+ * [[impudīcus]]

+ * [[en|impudent]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ Lewis and Short compare ''impudīcus'' and ''inverēcundus''.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}