exsulto Latin · revision 31192

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=96–55 BC, Lucretius|origins=ine-pro *sh₂l-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ɛksˈsʊɫ.toː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [eksˈsul.to]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''exsultō''' (present infinitive exsultāre, perfect active exsultāvī, supine exsultātum); first conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+ It is also spelled ''exultō''.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(TLL)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is formed from [[m|la|ex-|t=out, up]] and [[m|la|saltō|t=to dance]], the frequentative of [[m|la|saliō|t=to jump]]; compare [[m|la|exsiliō|t=to leap up]].^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan derives ⟨saliō⟩ from [[itc-pro|*salje-|t=to jump]] and [[ine-pro|*sh₂l-ye-|t=to jump]], cognate with [[grc|ἅλλομαι|tr=hállomai|t=to leap]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Its earliest examples in the OLD are Lucretius, whose blood spurts “leaping up high”, and Cicero's horses “bounding in their spirit”.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is to spring up, leap about or dance, of horses and of fluids, and Quintilian uses it of a tripping rhythm of short syllables.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) It is to run riot or behave without restraint, as Cicero's “run wild in your impious banditry”, of vines to grow luxuriantly, and of speakers to let themselves go.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ Most often it is to show unrestrained joy, to exult, as Cicero's Greeks rejoicing in having foreign judges;^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Lewis and Short note that this figurative use is the commoner.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Church Latin glosses it “rejoice”.^(Stelten 1995) English [[m|en|exult]] came from it through French in the 1560s.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 96–55 BC – Lucretius of spurting blood.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of horses and of exulting Greeks.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 35–95/96 AD – Quintilian of rhythm.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1560s – English [[m|en|exult]].^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To spring up, leap about, [[m|en|bound]];^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary) (of speech) to have a tripping rhythm.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To run riot;^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) (of plants) to grow luxuriantly.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To [[m|en|exult]], rejoice greatly; to boast.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[exsultābundus]]

+ * [[exsultanter]]

+ * [[exsultātiō]]

+ * [[exsultim]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[saltō]]

+ * [[saliō]]

+ * [[exsiliō]]

+ * [[gestiō]]

+ * [[en|exult]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ Döderlein contrasts it with ''gaudēre'' and ''laetārī'', which express moderate joy, while ''exsultāre'' and ''gestīre'' express a passionate, uncontrolled joy.^(Döderlein 1874)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}