extorqueo Latin · revision 31183

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=ine-pro *torkʷ-éye-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ɛkˈstɔr.kʷe.oː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ekˈstɔr.kʷe.o]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''extorqueō''' (present infinitive extorquēre, perfect active extorsī, supine extortum); second conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+ Prudentius scans the ending ''-e'' short, and land-surveyors have the spelling ''extorc-''.^(TLL)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is formed from [[m|la|ex-|t=out]] and [[m|la|torqueō|t=to twist]].^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan derives ⟨torqueō⟩ from [[itc-pro|*torkʷeye-|t=to twist]] and the causative [[ine-pro|*torkʷ-éye-|t=to twist]], cognate with [[sa|तर्कु|tr=tarku-|t=spindle]] and [[hit|tarku-|t=to dance]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The OLD's earliest example is Plautus, of “twisted ankles”, a conjecture in the ''Cistellaria'';^(OLD 2012) Terence has ''immō hercle extorque'', “no, by Hercules, put him to the rack”.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is to wrench something away, as Cicero's “we wrenched the sword from his hands”, also figuratively, as Macedonia wrested from Antony's brother.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) It is to obtain by force or extort, as Cicero's 400,000 sesterces extorted by Verres, to force someone by argument, as Cicero's “since you have forced me to admit it”, and to wring out tears.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ It is also to dislocate or sprain a joint, to cripple, and to torture on the rack, as in Terence.^(OLD 2012) Church Latin glosses it “twist, extract, extort”.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus of twisted ankles.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 190–159 BC – Terence of torture on the rack.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of wrenching away a sword and of extortion.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To wrench away, [[m|en|wrest]] out.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To obtain by force, [[m|en|extort]]; to force (by argument); to wring out (tears).^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # To dislocate, [[m|en|sprain]]; to cripple; to torture on the rack.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[extorsio]]

+ * [[extortor]]

+ * [[extortus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[contorqueō]]

+ * [[dētorqueō]]

+ * [[intorqueō]]

+ * [[retorqueō]]

+ * [[torqueō]]

+ * [[en|extort]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}