reverentia Latin · revision 31179

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=81–43 BC, Cicero|origins=ine-pro *wer-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [rɛ.wɛˈrɛn.ti.a]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [re.veˈrɛn.t͡si.a]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''reverentia''' ''f'' (genitive reverentiae); first declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is formed from [[m|la|reverēns|t=respectful]], the present participle of [[m|la|revereor|t=to revere]], with the suffix [[m|la|-ia]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Köbler 2010) The verb is formed from [[m|la|re-]] and [[m|la|vereor|t=to fear, respect]], which de Vaan derives from [[itc-pro|*werē-|t=to be wary]] and [[ine-pro|*u(e)r-eh₁-|t=to note, sense]], cognate with [[got|𐍅𐌰𐍂𐍃|tr=wars|t=careful]] and [[ang|wær|t=wary]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler gives Cicero as its first author,^(Köbler 2010) who writes that “a certain respect must be shown towards men, both the best and the rest”.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is a feeling of restraint before a superior, awe, deference or respect, as in Ovid's ''Heroides'', and religious awe, as Tacitus' grove that no one enters unless bound.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) It is also a misgiving or shyness, as Ovid's “passion and modesty fight”.^(OLD 2012) Lewis and Short find it rare before the post-Augustan writers.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ Church Latin glosses it “reverence”.^(Stelten 1995) In medieval Latin ''reverentia vestra'' is a title of honour, and it also means superior ownership and a curtsy.^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of respect towards men.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 43 BC–18 AD – Ovid of deference and of shyness.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 98–115 AD – Tacitus of religious awe.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # Respect, deference, [[m|en|awe]]; [[m|en|reverence]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # Misgiving, shyness, modesty.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' ''reverentia vestra'': your Reverence (a title); superior ownership; a [[m|en|curtsy]].^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[revereor]]

+ * [[vereor]]

+ * [[verēcundia]]

+ * [[venerātiō]]

+ * [[en|reverence]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ Döderlein contrasts ''verērī'', respect bordering on fear, with ''reverērī'', fear arising from respect: ''verēcundia'' is the dread of exposing oneself before someone respected, while ''reverentia'' is the calm awareness of their worth.^(Döderlein 1874)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}