exsilium Latin · revision 31176

+ {{infobox|confidence=disputed|formation=derivation|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=la exsul}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ɛksˈsɪ.li.ũː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [eksˈsiː.li.um]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''exsilium''' ''n'' (genitive exsiliī or exsilī); second declension^(Wiktionary)

+ It is also spelled ''exilium''.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ Seneca has a dative and ablative plural ''exilīs''.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is formed from [[m|la|exsul|t=an exile]] with the suffix [[m|la|-ium]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Köbler 2010) The origin of ⟨exsul⟩ is disputed: de Vaan lists a verb ⟨*ex-sulere⟩ “to take out”, with the root of [[m|la|cōnsul]], so “one taken out”; a link with [[m|la|ambulō|t=to walk]], “one who walks out”; and the root of [[grc|ἐλαύνω|tr=elaúnō|t=to drive]], “one driven out”.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Plautus is its first author in the OLD, with ''tē in exsilium īre hinc oportet'', “you must go into exile from here”, in the ''Persa'';^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010) Köbler gives Terence.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is banishment or exile, and in phrases ''in exsilium īre'', ''dē exsiliō redīre'';^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Cicero calls exile “not a punishment but a refuge and haven from punishment”.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) It is also the place of exile, as Cicero's “you made every place you went to most like a place of exile”, and in the plural the exiles themselves.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ Church Latin glosses it “exile, banishment”, and Köbler records it in the early medieval law codes.^(Stelten 1995)^(Köbler 2010) English [[m|en|exile]] comes from it through Old French, from about 1300.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus of going into exile.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 190–159 BC – Terence.^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of exile as a refuge and of a place of exile.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 1300 – English [[m|en|exile]].^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # [[m|en|exile|alt=Exile]], [[m|en|banishment]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # A place of exile; a retreat.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(plural)'' Exiles.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[exsul]]

+ * [[relēgātiō]]

+ * [[fuga]]

+ * [[en|exile]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ The TLL also records a rare ''exsilium'' “a leap”, from ''exsiliō''.^(TLL)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}