incurro Latin · revision 31171

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=81–43 BC, Cicero|origins=ine-pro *kers-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ɪŋˈkʊr.roː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [iŋˈkur.ro]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''incurrō''' (present infinitive incurrere, perfect active incurrī or incucurrī, supine incursum); third conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+ The perfect is ''incurrī'' or ''incucurrī''.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(TLL)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is formed from [[m|la|in-|t=in, against]] and [[m|la|currō|t=to run]].^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan derives ⟨currō⟩ from [[itc-pro|*korse-|t=to run]] and [[ine-pro|*kr̥s-e-|t=to run]], from the root [[m|ine-pro|*kers-]], cognate with [[sga|carr|t=vehicle]] and perhaps [[ang|hors|t=horse]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Its earliest examples in the OLD are from Cicero, as of a man who rushes into a race like a circus rider leaping between chariots.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is to rush at or charge, above all in war, as Livy's Gauls charging the Romans, to make a raid into territory, of waves and winds to dash against, and to fall on one's sword.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) It is also to run in or intrude, to run into an obstacle, as Cicero's man jostled in a crowd, and more mildly to meet, as Cicero's “my Curio, coming from Rome, ran into me”.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ Figuratively it is to run into trouble or blame, as Cicero's “I risk being charged with too much gratitude”; of things it is to occur or present itself, of events to fall on a date, and of measures to be contained in another.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Church Latin glosses it “come upon, run against, charge, incur, commit a fault”.^(Stelten 1995) English [[m|en|incur]] comes from it through Anglo-French, from about 1400.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of rushing in, meeting and running into blame.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 59 BC–17 AD – Livy of charging the enemy.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 1400 – English [[m|en|incur]].^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To rush (at), [[m|en|charge]], attack; to make an [[m|en|incursion]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To run in; to intrude.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To run into, strike against; to meet with.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To run into (danger, blame); to [[m|en|incur]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # (of things) To occur, present itself;^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) (of events) to fall (on a date).^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # (of measures) To be contained (in).^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[incursim]]

+ * [[incursiō]]

+ * [[incursus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[currō]]

+ * [[occurrō]]

+ * [[en|incur]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}