permultus Latin · revision 31160

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=itc-pro *molto-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [pɛrˈmʊɫ.tʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [perˈmul.tus]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''permultus''' (feminine permulta, neuter permultum); first/second-declension adjective^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is formed from the intensive [[m|la|per-|t=very]] and [[m|la|multus|t=much, many]];^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(Wiktionary) Wiktionary sets up [[itc-pro|*perimoltos]].^(Wiktionary) De Vaan derives ⟨multus⟩ from [[m|itc-pro|*molto-]], perhaps [[ine-pro|*m(o)l-to-|t=good, big]], and compares [[grc|μάλα|tr=mála|t=very]]; he finds the root etymology weak.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Plautus is its first author in the OLD, with the neuter ''haud permultum attulit'', “he brought not so very much”, in the ''Bacchides'';^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010) Köbler gives Cicero.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The neuter singular is “a great deal”, as Cicero's “a great deal will have been taken from your grief”, and the ablative with a comparative is “by far”.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) With a plural noun it is “very many”, as Varro's many parts of the earth, Cicero's imitators and Caesar's hills.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Church Latin glosses it “very many, very much”.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus has ''haud permultum''.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 116–27 BC – Varro of many parts.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # ''(neuter singular)'' A great deal, very much;^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) ''permultō'' (with a comparative), by far.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # ''(plural)'' A great many, very many.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[multus]]

+ * [[perpaucus]]

+ * [[complūrēs]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}