hibernus Latin · revision 31156

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=ine-pro *ǵʰeym-r-ino-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [hiːˈbɛr.nʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [iˈbɛr.nus]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''hībernus''' (feminine hīberna, neuter hībernum); first/second-declension adjective^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*χeimrino-|t=wintry]], [[inh|ine-pro|*ǵʰeym-r-ino-|t=wintry]], with ⟨*heimrinos⟩ becoming ⟨*heibrinos⟩ and then ⟨hībernus⟩.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary)^(OLD 2012) Cognate with [[grc|χειμερινός|tr=kheimerinós|t=wintry]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) It belongs with [[m|la|hiems|t=winter]], which de Vaan traces to [[m|ine-pro|*ǵʰéyōm|t=winter]], cognate with [[sga|gaim|t=winter]], [[hit|gimm-|t=winter]] and [[sa|हिम|tr=himá-|t=cold, frost]], Latin keeps the full grade of the root only in this derivative.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler gives Plautus as its first author,^(Köbler 2010) who has ''tunicae hībernae'', “winter tunics”, in the ''Miles gloriosus'', and the joke “in one hour” – “add ‘a winter one’” in the ''Pseudolus''.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is of or belonging to winter, and ''hībernō'' is “in winter”; it is used of what happens in winter, as Cato's winter figs, and of what is meant for winter, as Plautus' tunics.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) It is also wintry or subject to wintry weather, as Bibaculus' “wintry Alps”.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) Of places, especially camps, it is suitable for spending the winter, and the neuter plural became the noun [[hīberna]].^(Wiktionary)

+

+ Köbler records it in an 8th-century sermon.^(Köbler 2010) Stelten refers to [[hībernālis]] and [[hiemālis]] for Church Latin.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus of winter tunics.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 234–149 BC – Cato of winter figs.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # Of [[m|en|winter]], [[m|en|wintry]], ''hībernō'', in winter.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # Occurring in or designed for winter, (of camps) for winter quarters.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Subject to wintry conditions, stormy.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[hībernum]]

+ * [[hīberna]]

+ * [[hībernāculum]]

+ * [[hībernālis]]

+ * [[hībernō]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[hiems]]

+ * [[hiemālis]]

+ * [[aestīvus]]

+ * [[en|hibernate]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}