macto Latin · revision 31153

+ {{infobox|confidence=uncertain|formation=derivation|attested=204–169 BC, Ennius|origins=itc-pro *makto-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈmak.toː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈmak.to]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''mactō''' (present infinitive mactāre, perfect active mactāvī, supine mactātum); first conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+ Ennius, Afranius and Pomponius have the old perfect subjunctive ''mactāssint''.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is formed from [[m|la|mactus|t=honoured, blessed]] with the verbal suffix [[m|la|-ō]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan reconstructs [[itc-pro|*makto-|t=honoured]] and tentatively follows Driessen in deriving it from [[ine-pro|*mh₂ḱ-|t=to make long]], “made bigger”, which he finds slightly better than a link with [[m|la|magnus|t=big]].^(de Vaan 2008) Lewis and Short compare [[sa|मह्|tr=mah-|t=to magnify]].^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Its first example in the OLD is Ennius' ''Annals'': “then Livius returns, honoured with a great triumph”.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is first to honour or endow, as Ennius' victor, to honour a god with offerings, and to honour an occasion, as Cicero's festival honoured with milk.^(OLD 2012) Ironically it is to afflict or punish, as the curse in Ennius, “may the gods and goddesses afflict him with great harm”.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) With the dative it is to offer to a god, as Cato's cake offered to Jupiter, then to slay a victim in sacrifice, as Varro's pig, and simply to kill, as Accius' “would the archer goddess had slain me with her shafts!”.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ Church Latin glosses it “immolate, sacrifice, slaughter” and “reward, honor, glorify”; in medieval Latin it also means to break or to kill.^(Stelten 1995)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 204–169 BC – Ennius of honouring and of afflicting.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 234–149 BC – Cato of offering to Jupiter.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 170–c. 90 BC – Accius of killing.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 116–27 BC – Varro of sacrificing a pig.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To honour, glorify; to honour (a god) with offerings.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # ''(with ablative)'' To afflict, punish (with).^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To offer in [[m|en|sacrifice]]; to [[m|en|immolate]], slaughter.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # To kill, slay.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[mactābilis]]

+ * [[mactātiō]]

+ * [[mactātor]]

+ * [[mactātus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[mactus]]

+ * [[immolō]]

+ * [[sacrificō]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}