lyra Latin · revision 31151

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=81–43 BC, Cicero|origins=grc λύρα}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈly.ra]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈliː.ra]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''lyra''' ''f'' (genitive lyrae); first declension^(Wiktionary)

+ Varro has the Greek accusative ''lyran''.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|grc|λύρα|tr=lúra|t=lyre]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Köbler calls the Greek word a technical loanword from the Mediterranean area.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler gives Cicero as its first author,^(Köbler 2010) who tells how Themistocles was thought less cultured because he refused the lyre at a banquet.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is the lyre, a stringed instrument like the [[cithara]], which myth said Mercury invented and gave to Apollo.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) In Horace it stands for lyric poetry and a poet's inspiration, as “the Muse who rules the unwarlike lyre”.^(OLD 2012) Varro uses it of the constellation Lyra, “which the Greeks call ''lyra'' and our people ''fidēs''”.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ Church Latin glosses it “lute, lyre”, and ''lyra tetrachordis'' is a violin.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of Themistocles refusing the lyre.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 116–27 BC – Varro of the constellation.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 65–8 BC – Horace of lyric poetry.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|lyre]], ''(figurative)'' lyric poetry, poetic inspiration.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # The constellation [[m|en|Lyra]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[lyricus]]

+ * [[lyricen]]

+ * [[lyristēs]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[cithara]]

+ * [[fidēs]]

+ * [[en|lyre]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}