παιδαγωγός Ancient Greek · revision 3114

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=compound|attested=5th century BC, Herodotus and Euripides|origins=grc παῖς, grc ἀγωγός}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (5th-century BC Attic): /pai̯.da.ɡɔː.ɡós/^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (4th-century AD Koine): /pɛ.ða.ɣoˈɣos/^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (10th-century Byzantine): /pe.ða.ɣoˈɣos/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''παιδᾰγωγός''' (paidagōgós) ''m'' (genitive παιδᾰγωγοῦ); second declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is a compound of [[παῖς|tr=paîs|t=child, boy]] and [[ἀγωγός|tr=agōgós|t=guide, escort]], from [[ἄγω|tr=ágō|t=to lead]]: “boy-leader”.^(Wiktionary)^(BDAG 2000)^(LSJ 1940)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Herodotus and Euripides use it for the slave who looked after a boy.^(LSJ 1940)^(BDAG 2000)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The ''paidagōgos'' was usually a slave who took a boy to school and back and watched over his conduct.^(LSJ 1940)^(BDAG 2000) Spicq notes that a Greek child was in its mother's care until about six or seven, and then entrusted to such a guardian.^(LSJ 1940)^(BDAG 2000)^(Spicq 1994) He was not a teacher: Xenophon and Plato distinguish him from the [[διδάσκαλος|tr=didáskalos|t=teacher]].^(BDAG 2000) Plato calls Phoenix the ''paidagōgos'' of Achilles, and Plutarch says Fabius was mocked as Hannibal's ''paidagōgos'' because he followed him about without engaging him.^(LSJ 1940)^(CGL 2021) Plutarch also uses it for the guide of a democracy or a tyranny.^(LSJ 1940)^(CGL 2021)

+

+ Paul uses it twice: “the law was our ''paidagōgos'' until Christ”, a guardian in an inferior and temporary position, as Spicq explains.^(Spicq 1994)^(LSJ 1940)^(BDAG 2000) Medieval Greek used it for a teacher, a model of conduct and the guardian of a minor.^(Kriaras) Latin borrowed it as ''paedagogus''.^(Triantafyllidis 1998) Modern Greek [[m|el|παιδαγωγός|tr=paidagogós]] is an educator, a specialist in pedagogy, in a sense taken from French ''pédagogue''.^(Triantafyllidis 1998)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 5th century BC – Herodotus and Euripides use it for a child's attendant.^(LSJ 1940)^(BDAG 2000)

+ * 5th–4th century BC – Plato distinguishes the attendant from the teacher.^(BDAG 2000)^(LSJ 1940)

+ * 1st century AD – Paul calls the law a ''paidagōgos''.^(Spicq 1994)^(LSJ 1940)

+ * 1st–2nd century AD – Plutarch uses it for a guide of states.^(LSJ 1940)^(CGL 2021)

+ * 15th–17th century – Vernacular Greek uses it for a teacher and a guardian.^(Kriaras)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A slave who escorted a boy to school and back and supervised him, a child's attendant, tutor.^(LSJ 1940)^(CGL 2021)

+ # The tutor of a royal child.^(CGL 2021)

+ # ''(figurative)'' A guide, [[m|en|mentor]], or ''(pejorative)'' a shadow, one who follows another about.^(CGL 2021)^(LSJ 1940)

+ # ''(later)'' A teacher; a guardian of a minor.^(Kriaras)^(Triantafyllidis 1998)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[παιδαγωγέω|tr=paidagōgéō]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[παῖς|tr=paîs]]

+ * [[ἀγωγός|tr=agōgós]]

+ * [[ἄγω|tr=ágō]]

+ * [[en|pedagogue]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}