ignavia Latin · revision 31133

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 235–200 BC, Naevius|origins=ine-pro *ǵneh₃-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ɪŋˈnaː.wi.a]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [iɲˈɲaː.vi.a]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''ignāvia''' ''f'' (genitive ignāviae); first declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is formed from [[m|la|ignāvus|t=idle, cowardly]] with the suffix [[m|la|-ia]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Köbler 2010) ⟨Ignāvus⟩ is the negative of [[m|la|gnāvus|t=busy, active]], which de Vaan traces to [[itc-pro|*gnāwo-]] and [[ine-pro|*ǵn(e)h₃-wo-|t=knowing]], with a shift from “knowing” to “experienced” and “busy”.^(de Vaan 2008) Cognate with [[cy|go-gnaw|t=active, persistent]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler gives Naevius as its first author,^(Köbler 2010) who urges “return to virtue and leave idleness behind”.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is neglect of one's business, idleness or sloth, as in Naevius, and faint-heartedness or cowardice, which Cicero sets against courage.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) In a quotation in Apuleius it translates the Greek word for “weakness”.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ Church Latin glosses it “idleness, laziness, sloth, cowardice, listlessness”.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 235–200 BC – Naevius of idleness.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of cowardice.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 125–175 AD – Apuleius of weakness.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # [[m|en|idleness|alt=Idleness]], [[m|en|sloth]], laziness.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # Faint-heartedness, [[m|en|cowardice]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Weakness.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[ignāvus]]

+ * [[gnāvus]]

+ * [[inertia]]

+ * [[sēgnitia]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ Döderlein says that ''ignāvia'' is the love of idleness, opposed to [[industria]], and Lewis and Short list [[sōcordia]], [[dēsidia]], [[inertia]] and [[pigritia]] as near-synonyms.^(Döderlein 1874)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}