ludibrium Latin · revision 31131

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=ine-pro *loyd-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ɫuːˈdɪ.bri.ũː], [ɫuːˈdɪb.ri.ũː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [luˈdiː.bri.um], [luˈdib.ri.um]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''lūdibrium''' ''n'' (genitive lūdibriī or lūdibrī); second declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is formed from [[m|la|lūdus|t=game, play]] or [[m|la|lūdō|t=to play, mock]], though the formation is not clear; the OLD compares [[m|la|manubrium|t=handle]], the TLL [[m|la|opprobrium|t=reproach]].^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan traces ⟨lūdō⟩ to [[itc-pro|*loide/o-|t=to play]] and [[ine-pro|*loid-|t=to let go, play]], cognate with [[lt|léisti|t=to let]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler gives Plautus as its first author.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is a plaything, as Cicero's Bias, who did not regard “these playthings of fortune” as his own, and playful or wanton behaviour, as Livy's kingdom that might perish “through wantonness” under a boy-king.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) More often it is a laughing stock, as Livy's young man taken to Delphi by the Tarquins, “more a butt than a companion”, insulting treatment or mockery, and in the plural insults or outrages, as Livy's “the enemy's yoke and the victor's insults”.^(OLD 2012) Livy also uses it of a sham, as a rampart of baggage scarcely strong enough to stop women.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ Church Latin glosses it “scorn, mockery, derision, jest, laughingstock”.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus.^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 96–55 BC – Lucretius of things that are mere jests.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of the playthings of fortune.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 59 BC–17 AD – Livy of a laughing stock and of insults.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|plaything]], toy; wantonness; a jest.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # A [[m|en|laughing stock]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # [[m|en|mockery|alt=Mockery]], [[m|en|derision]], ''(plural)'' insults, outrages.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # A sham, pretence.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[lūdibriōsus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[lūdus]]

+ * [[lūdō]]

+ * [[lūdificō]]

+ * [[irrīsiō]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}