inultus Latin · revision 31129

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=itc-pro *olk-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ɪˈnʊɫ.tʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [iˈnul.tus]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''inultus''' (feminine inulta, neuter inultum); first/second-declension adjective^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is formed from [[m|la|in-|t=not]] and ⟨ultus⟩, the participle of [[m|la|ulcīscor|t=to avenge]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan traces ⟨ulcīscor⟩ to [[itc-pro|*olk-|t=to destroy, take revenge]], perhaps from the root of [[m|la|dēleō|t=to destroy]], [[ine-pro|*h₃elh₁-|t=to perish]]; the comparison with [[grc|ἀλκή|tr=alkḗ|t=resistance]] he finds semantically weak.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler gives Plautus as its first author,^(Köbler 2010) as in the ''Amphitruo'': “he will never make a fool of me and get away with it”.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Of persons it is “scot-free, unpunished”, as in Plautus, and “unavenged”, as “the Gracchi lie unavenged” in the ''Rhetorica ad Herennium'', Cicero's care that Marius should not be unavenged, and Livy's generals.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Of crimes and injuries it is “unpunished”, as Terence's “he will never get away with that”, and in poetry of prayers or hatred “unanswered”, as Horace's “I shall not be left with my prayers unavenged”.^(OLD 2012)

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+ Church Latin glosses it “unavenged, unpunished”.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus of going unpunished.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 190–159 BC – Terence of an unpunished deed.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of the unavenged dead.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 65–8 BC – Horace of unanswered prayers.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # [[m|en|unpunished|alt=Unpunished]], scot-free; unharmed.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # [[m|en|unavenged|alt=Unavenged]], (of prayers, hatred) unanswered.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # (of crimes) For which no vengeance is taken.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[ulcīscor]]

+ * [[ultiō]]

+ * [[ultor]]

+ * [[impūnis]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}