annona Latin · revision 31125

+ {{infobox|confidence=disputed|formation=derivation|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=ine-pro *h₂et-no-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [anˈnoː.na]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [anˈnɔː.na]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''annōna''' ''f'' (genitive annōnae); first declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ The OLD and Lewis and Short derive it from [[m|la|annus|t=year]] with a suffix ⟨-ōna⟩, as in [[m|la|Bellōna]] and [[m|la|Pōmōna]], “the year's produce”.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010) Wiktionary instead takes it as a compound, [[itc-pro|*atnoznā]], with a second element [[ine-pro|*(s)h₁osnéh₂|t=harvest]], cognate with [[gem-pro|*asnō|t=harvest]].^(Wiktionary) De Vaan traces ⟨annus⟩ to [[m|itc-pro|*atno-|t=year]] and [[m|ine-pro|*h₂et-no-|t=which goes, a year]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler gives Plautus as its first author,^(Köbler 2010) who says that if men were honest, food would be cheaper, and that “at this price a dinner is an inheritance without rites”.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is the year's marketable produce, as in Cicero's ''Verrines'', and the supply of corn and food to Rome or an army, as Cicero's “to have provided for the corn supply”.^(OLD 2012) It was also the office in charge of it, the ''praefectus annōnae'' in Livy, an allotment of cheap or free corn, and the allowance of soldiers and officials.^(OLD 2012) As early as Plautus it is the price of corn, the market price, and a high price, and Livy uses it of the price of salt.^(OLD 2012) On Nero's coins Annona is a goddess beside Ceres.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ In medieval Latin it is corn, an annual rent in corn, bread corn, and forage or oats.^(Niermeyer 1976)^(Wiktionary) Church Latin glosses it “grain, crop, yearly produce, rations”.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus of the price of food.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of produce and the corn supply.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 59 BC–17 AD – Livy of the prefect of the corn supply.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 816/817 AD – In a Carolingian capitulary.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # The year's produce.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # The [[m|en|corn]] supply; the office in charge of it; a corn dole; rations, provisions.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # The price of corn or food, market price; a high price.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(personified)'' Annona, goddess of the corn supply.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' Corn; an annual corn rent; [[m|en|forage]], oats.^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[annōnārius]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[annus]]

+ * [[frūmentum]]

+ * [[Cerēs]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}