tepidus Latin · revision 31124

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=204–169 BC, Ennius|origins=ine-pro *tep-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈtɛ.pɪ.dʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈtɛː.pi.dus]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''tepidus''' (feminine tepida, neuter tepidum); first/second-declension adjective^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is formed from [[m|la|tepeō|t=to be warm]] with the suffix [[m|la|-idus]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan traces ⟨tepeō⟩ to [[itc-pro|*tepē-|t=to be warm]] and [[ine-pro|*t(e)p-eh₁-|t=to be warm]], cognate with [[sga|té|t=hot]], [[sa|तपति|tr=tápati|t=heats]] and [[ru|тёплый|tr=tjóplyj|t=warm]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler gives Ennius as its first author,^(Köbler 2010) who has it of “warm blood” in a tragedy.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is moderately warm or lukewarm, as Lucilius' warm glue, of weather and seasons mild, as Varro's warmer days for hatching geese, and of places with a mild climate.^(OLD 2012) It is used of the warmth of a living body, as in Ennius, and of things warmed by it, as Petronius' warm bed.^(OLD 2012) It is also less hot than wanted, lukewarm, as Horace's tepid sauce, and figuratively unenthusiastic, as Ovid's “warm up a lukewarm heart”.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ Church Latin glosses it “lukewarm, tepid, feeble, faint”.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 204–169 BC – Ennius of warm blood.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 180–102 BC – Lucilius of lukewarm glue.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 116–27 BC – Varro of mild weather.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 43 BC–18 AD – Ovid of lukewarm feelings.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 1400 – Borrowed into English as [[m|en|tepid]].^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # Moderately warm, [[m|en|lukewarm]], [[m|en|tepid]], (of weather, places) mild.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # Warm (with the warmth of a living body).^(OLD 2012)

+ # Not hot enough, cooled, ''(figurative)'' lukewarm, unenthusiastic, faint.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[pertepidus]]

+ * [[tepidārius]]

+ * [[tepidē]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[tepeō]]

+ * [[tepor]]

+ * [[tepōrus]]

+ * [[calidus]]

+ * [[en|tepid]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}