indulgentia Latin · revision 31121

+ {{infobox|confidence=uncertain|formation=derivation|attested=81–43 BC, Cicero|origins=itc-pro *-dolχē-}}

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''indulgentia''' ''f'' (genitive indulgentiae); first declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is formed from [[m|la|indulgēns|t=indulgent]], the participle of [[m|la|indulgeō|t=to be indulgent]], with the suffix [[m|la|-ia]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Köbler 2010) De Vaan thinks the verb is probably a compound of a prefix ⟨in-⟩ or ⟨endo-⟩ and a root meaning “to be fixed”, [[itc-pro|*-dolχē-]], perhaps from [[ine-pro|*dl̥ǵʰ-eh₁-]], cognate with [[sa|दृंहति|tr=dṛ́ṃhati|t=makes firm]] and [[got|𐍄𐌿𐌻𐌲𐌾𐌰𐌽|tr=tulgjan|t=to fasten]]; the older comparison with [[m|la|longus|t=long]] he finds unlikely.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler gives Cicero as its first author,^(Köbler 2010) who speaks of the natural kindness and goodwill that hold all people together.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is want of strictness, leniency or indulgence, as Cicero's “I should not lack the judgement for severity or for leniency”, and kindness, especially of a superior, favour or bounty.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Seneca uses it of giving way to a feeling, as “foolish self-indulgence” in endless grief.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ In Christian Latin it is pardon, the remission of sins or absolution, and in charters the remission of dues or taxes.^(Niermeyer 1976)^(Stelten 1995) In the medieval Church it became the indulgence, the remission of the temporal punishment for sins already forgiven.^(Stelten 1995)^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of leniency and kindness.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 4 BC–65 AD – Seneca of self-indulgence.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 799/800 AD – In Carolingian capitularies.^(Köbler 2010)

+ * mid-14th century – Borrowed into English, partly by way of Old French, as [[m|en|indulgence]] in the Church sense.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # Leniency, mildness, [[m|en|indulgence]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # Kindness, favour, bounty (especially of a superior).^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Indulging (a feeling).^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(Ecclesiastical Latin)'' [[m|en|pardon|alt=Pardon]], remission of sins; an indulgence.^(Stelten 1995)^(Niermeyer 1976)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' Remission of dues or taxes.^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[indulgeō]]

+ * [[indulgēns]]

+ * [[clēmentia]]

+ * [[en|indulgence]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}