fugitivus Latin · revision 31120

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=ine-pro *bʰewg-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [fʊ.ɡɪˈtiː.wʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [fu.d͡ʒiˈtiː.vus]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''fugitīvus''' (feminine fugitīva, neuter fugitīvum); first/second-declension adjective^(Wiktionary)

+ An inscription spells it ''fugiteivos''.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is formed from [[m|la|fugiō|t=to flee]] with the suffix [[m|la|-īvus]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) De Vaan traces ⟨fugiō⟩ to [[itc-pro|*fugi-]] and [[ine-pro|*bʰug-i-|t=to flee]], cognate with [[grc|φεύγω|tr=pheúgō|t=to flee]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler gives Plautus as its first author,^(Köbler 2010) who in the ''Menaechmi'' speaks of people “who put fetters on runaway slaves”, and in the ''Pseudolus'' of a runaway bitch.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ As an adjective it is runaway or fugitive, of slaves, as Cicero's runaway slave reader in a letter from Vatinius, of domestic animals, as Varro's bees that fly off, and of things, as Terence's “runaway money”.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) As a noun it is a runaway slave or deserter, and the plural is used of the army of runaway slaves led by Spartacus and defeated by Crassus in 71 BC.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ It appears in the Germanic law codes and in charters, and in medieval Latin it also means fleeting, transient, of this world.^(Köbler 2010)^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus of runaway slaves and animals.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 190–159 BC – Terence of “runaway money”.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 71 BC – The ''fugitīvī'' of Spartacus defeated by Crassus.^(OLD 2012)

+ * late 14th century – Borrowed into English, by way of Old French, as [[m|en|fugitive]].^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # Runaway, [[m|en|fugitive]] (of slaves, animals, things).^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' Fleeting, [[m|en|transient]].^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ===Noun===

+ # A runaway slave, a fugitive, [[m|en|deserter]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[fugiō]]

+ * [[fuga]]

+ * [[profugus]]

+ * [[en|fugitive]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ Döderlein distinguishes [[perfuga]], a deserter who betrays his side, and [[trānsfuga]], one who changes sides out of wavering, from a ''fugitīvus'', who simply runs away.^(Döderlein 1874)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}