subsisto Latin · revision 31118

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=ine-pro *steh₂-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [sʊpˈsɪs.toː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [subˈsis.to]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''subsistō''' (present infinitive subsistere, perfect active substitī); third conjugation, no passive, no supine stem^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is formed from [[m|la|sub-|t=under]] and [[m|la|sistō|t=to stand, make stand]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan traces ⟨sistō⟩ to [[itc-pro|*sista/o-]] and the reduplicated present [[ine-pro|*sti-sth₂-|t=to make stand]], from the root [[m|ine-pro|*steh₂-|t=to stand]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) Cognate with [[xum|sestu|t=I place]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Its first example in the OLD is Plautus' ''Epidicus'': “unless you prop up the ruins firmly, you cannot stand firm”.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is first to stand firm under a weight, and in battle to stand firm against an enemy, as in Accius; the jurists use it of standing up to a lawsuit, and Decimus Brutus of meeting an expense.^(OLD 2012) In Apuleius it is to come to someone's support.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ Its commonest sense is to halt or stop short, as Caesar's men who stopped when warned of hidden ditches, and of things to come to a standstill, of a speaker to break off, as Ovid's “here Erato stopped”, and of activities to be suspended, as Ovid's “when the shouting died down”.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) In Church Latin it is to withstand, stand, endure, remain, and also to exist or be.^(Stelten 1995) From this sense of existing came English [[m|en|subsist]].^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus of standing firm.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 170–c. 90 BC – Accius of standing firm in battle.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 50 BC – Caesar of halting.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 43 BC–18 AD – Ovid of stopping short in speech.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1540s – Borrowed into English, partly by way of French, as [[m|en|subsist]] “to exist”.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To stand firm (under a weight, in battle, against an enemy); ''(law)'' to defend a suit; to cope with (a burden).^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To come to the support (of).^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To [[m|en|halt]], stop short; to come to a standstill; to break off (in speaking); to be suspended.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # ''(Ecclesiastical Latin)'' To endure, remain; to [[m|en|exist]].^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[subsistentia]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[sistō]]

+ * [[cōnsistō]]

+ * [[en|subsist]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}