mutatio Latin · revision 31109

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=itc-pro *moito-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [muːˈtaː.ti.oː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [muˈtat.t͡si.o]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''mūtātiō''' ''f'' (genitive mūtātiōnis); third declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is formed from [[m|la|mūtō|t=to change, exchange]] with the suffix [[m|la|-tiō]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan lists it among the derivatives of [[m|la|mūtuus|t=on loan, reciprocal]]: both words presuppose a noun ⟨*mūto-⟩ “(object of) change”, which goes back to [[itc-pro|*moito-]].^(de Vaan 2008) Its further origin is uncertain: it may come from the root of [[m|la|mittō]], [[ine-pro|*mitH-|t=to exchange]], or from another root, as in [[ine-pro|*h₂moi-to-]], which de Vaan thinks semantically closer.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan gives Plautus as its first author.^(de Vaan 2008) In the ''Captivi'' it is an exchange of prisoners, “an exchange between me and him so that our sons may be returned”.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ From “exchange, give and take” it came to mean the substitution of one thing for another, as the change of names in the ''Rhetorica ad Herennium'', and ''vestis mūtātiō'', a change of clothes, especially in mourning (Terence).^(OLD 2012) Cicero uses it of alternation, as the changes of the years, and above all of change or alteration in general.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Caesar has it of shifting a camp, Quintilian of translation into Latin, and ''mūtātiō rērum'' is a change of fortune or a political revolution, as in Livy.^(OLD 2012) With or without ''animī'' it is a change of mind, as in Terence's ''Hecyra''.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ Cicero's saying “a change of plan is the best harbour for one who repents” shows the moral sense.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Köbler records it in the Bible, councils and medieval charters, and Latham has it in British sources before 1150.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus of an exchange of prisoners.^(OLD 2012)^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 190–159 BC – Terence of changing clothes and of a change of mind.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of alternation and change.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 59 BC–17 AD – Livy of the vicissitudes of human affairs.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 35–95/96 AD – Quintilian of translation.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * late 14th century – Borrowed into English, by way of Old French, as [[m|en|mutation]].^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # [[m|en|exchange|alt=Exchange]], give and take.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Substitution, replacement, ''vestis mūtātiō'', change of clothes (especially in mourning).^(OLD 2012)

+ # Alternation, interchange.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # [[m|en|change|alt=Change]], [[m|en|alteration]]; a shift in position; translation into another language.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # ''mūtātiō rērum'', ''temporum'': a change of fortune, [[m|en|vicissitude]]; a political change.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(also animī mūtātiō)'' A change of mind or attitude.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[mūtuus]]

+ * [[commūtātiō]]

+ * [[permūtātiō]]

+ * [[vicissitūdō]]

+ * [[en|mutation]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}