marmor Latin · revision 31104

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=204–169 BC, Ennius|origins=grc μάρμαρος}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈmar.mɔr]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈmar.mor]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''marmor''' ''n'' (genitive marmoris); third declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|grc|μάρμαρος|tr=mármaros|t=boulder; marble]], a word for a rock that later meant white stone and marble.^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(Wiktionary) The TLL compares the ending with that of [[m|la|aequor]].^(TLL) Köbler compares the root [[ine-pro|*mer-|t=to rub, crush]].^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler gives Ennius as its first author.^(Köbler 2010) In the ''Annals'' it is the whitened sea: “the blue foams with the yellow marble, struck by the crowded ship”.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The poets' use for the surface of the sea, as Ennius' and Virgil's “Libyan marble”, seems to imitate Homer's “gleaming sea”.^(OLD 2012)^(TLL) In prose it is marble, a block of it or a variety, as Seneca's “variety of marbles”, and Cato already has powdered marble for flavouring wine.^(OLD 2012) It is anything made of marble: a statue, as Horace's “silver and old marble”, a monument, a marble pavement in Seneca, a vessel in Phaedrus, and in Martial a milestone.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) In Ovid it is stone produced by transformation, as bodies turned to marble.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ An imperial freedman ''a marmoribus'' was in charge of the supply of marble.^(OLD 2012) Church Latin glosses it “marble”.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 204–169 BC – Ennius of the sea.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 234–149 BC – Cato of marble dust in wine.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of a block of marble.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 65–8 BC – Horace of marble statues.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * early 14th century – Borrowed into English, by way of Old French, as [[m|en|marble]].^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # [[m|en|marble|alt=Marble]]; a block or variety of marble.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # Marble dust.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # A thing made of marble: a statue, a monument, a pavement (plural), a vessel; a milestone.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Stone (especially produced by transformation).^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(poetic)'' The whitened surface of the sea; the sea.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[marmorārius]]

+ * [[marmorātum]]

+ * [[marmoreus]]

+ * [[marmorō]]

+ * [[marmorōsus]]

+ * [[marmusculum]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[marmorātiō]]

+ * [[en|marble]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}