defectio Latin · revision 31096

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=81–43 BC, Cicero|origins=ine-pro *dʰeh₁-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [deːˈfɛk.ti.oː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [deˈfɛk.t͡si.o]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''dēfectiō''' ''f'' (genitive dēfectiōnis); third declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is formed from [[m|la|dēficiō|t=to fail, revolt]] with the suffix [[m|la|-tiō]].^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(Wiktionary) ⟨Dēficiō⟩ is a compound of [[m|la|dē-]] and [[m|la|faciō|t=to make, do]], which de Vaan traces to [[itc-pro|*faki-]] and [[ine-pro|*dʰeh₁-|t=to put]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler gives Cicero as its first author,^(Köbler 2010) who uses it of a failure of courage, of the eclipses of sun and moon, and of a general revolt of the barbarians.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is a falling short or failure, as Cicero's fear of his own “failure of spirit”, and in Pliny the Elder weakness or faintness.^(OLD 2012) Cicero has it of eclipses, and Gellius as a grammatical term for ellipsis.^(OLD 2012) It is also the deserting of an alliance, a defection or revolt, frequent in Caesar and Livy, as in Caesar's “rebellion after surrender”.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ In Church Latin it is a failing, a ceasing, sin, and defection, and in medieval Latin also dread or despair and decay.^(Stelten 1995)^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of failure, eclipses and revolt.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 50 BC – Caesar of rebellion.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 23/24–79 AD – Pliny the Elder of faintness.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 165 AD – Gellius of grammatical ellipsis.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1540s – Borrowed into English as [[m|en|defection]].^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A falling short, failure, deficiency; weakness, faintness, ''(grammar)'' [[m|en|ellipsis]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # An [[m|en|eclipse]] (of the sun or moon).^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # [[m|en|defection|alt=Defection]], desertion, [[m|en|revolt]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' Dread, despair; decay.^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[dēficiō]]

+ * [[dēfectus]]

+ * [[rebelliō]]

+ * [[en|defection]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}