vapor Latin · revision 31091

+ {{infobox|confidence=disputed|formation=inherited|attested=220–130 BC, Pacuvius|origins=itc-pro *kwapōs}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈwa.pɔr]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈvaː.por]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''vapor''' ''m'' (genitive vapōris); third declension^(Wiktionary)

+ The old nominative is ''vapōs'', in Accius and cited by Quintilian.^(OLD 2012)^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ De Vaan follows Schrijver: it is [[inh|itc-pro|*kwapōs|t=vapour]], [[inh|ine-pro|*kwuh₂ep-s-|t=smoke]], with loss of the first consonant.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) Cognate with [[grc|καπνός|tr=kapnós|t=smoke]] and [[lt|kvãpas|t=smoke]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Lewis & Short 1879) The OLD instead compares [[sa|वाति|tr=vā́ti|t=blows]], and Köbler a root [[ine-pro|*wēp-|t=to blow, steam]].^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan gives Pacuvius as its first author,^(de Vaan 2008) who has the sun scorching the earth's produce “with flaming heat”.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is an exhalation or vapour, especially from something heated, as Cicero's vapours raised by the sun from warmed fields and waters, and steam from boiling liquid in Lucretius.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) From the start it is also heat or warmth, especially of the sun, as in Pacuvius, and the burning of fever or of passion, as Seneca's Hercules “not the Ocean will quench my fires”.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ Church Latin glosses it “vapor, steam, exhalation, mist, warmth”.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 220–130 BC – Pacuvius of the sun's heat.^(OLD 2012)^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 170–c. 90 BC – Accius with the old nominative ''vapōs''.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 96–55 BC – Lucretius of steam.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of exhalations raised by the sun.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * late 14th century – Borrowed into English, by way of Anglo-French, as [[m|en|vapour]].^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # An exhalation, [[m|en|vapour]]; [[m|en|steam]]; smoke.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # [[m|en|heat|alt=Heat]], warmth (especially of the sun).^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # The heat of fever; the ardour of passion.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[vapidus]]

+ * [[vapōrālis]]

+ * [[vapōrārium]]

+ * [[vapōrifer]]

+ * [[vapōrō]]

+ * [[vapōrōsus]]

+ * [[vapōrus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[vapidē]]

+ * [[vapōrātē]]

+ * [[vapōrātiō]]

+ * [[vappa]]

+ * [[calor]]

+ * [[en|vapour]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}