pavor Latin · revision 31085

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=derivation|attested=280/260–before 200 BC, Livius Andronicus|origins=itc-pro *pawē-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈpa.wɔr]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈpaː.vor]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''pavor''' ''m'' (genitive pavōris); third declension^(Wiktionary)

+ An older nominative ''pavōs'' is found in Naevius and Pacuvius.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is formed from [[m|la|paveō|t=to be frightened]] with the suffix [[m|la|-or]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(de Vaan 2008) De Vaan traces the verb to [[itc-pro|*pawē-|t=to be frightened]] and [[ine-pro|*pou-eh₁-|t=to fear]], and follows Schrijver in comparing the Celtic words for fear, [[sga|omun]] and [[sga|úath]], with [[cy|uthr|t=terrible]].^(de Vaan 2008) Walde–Hofmann and Ernout–Meillet instead took ⟨paveō⟩ as “to be struck”, the stative partner of [[m|la|paviō|t=to beat, strike]], which de Vaan calls possible.^(de Vaan 2008) Varro already derived the noun from ⟨paveō⟩, and Isidore from ⟨paviō⟩.^(TLL)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ It is first found in Livius Andronicus' ''Odyssey'': ''Ulixī cor frīxit prae pavōre'', “Ulysses' heart froze for fear”.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is sudden fear or fright, then panic seizing many at once, as in Livy's city full of terror, Tullus vowed shrines to Pallor and Pavor, fear in person.^(OLD 2012) It is also a thing that causes terror, and fear of what is to come, dread.^(OLD 2012) Pliny the Elder's ''pavor aquae'' is [[m|en|hydrophobia]], and Virgil uses it of the throbbing excitement of young charioteers at the start of a race.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ Church Latin glosses it “fear, dread, terror”.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 280/260–before 200 BC – Livius Andronicus of sudden fear.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil of eager excitement.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 59 BC–17 AD – Livy of panic and of Pavor as a god.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 23/24–79 AD – Pliny the Elder of hydrophobia.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # Sudden fear, [[m|en|terror]], fright; [[m|en|panic]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # ''(personified)'' Pavor, Fear as a god.^(OLD 2012)

+ # A cause of terror.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Fear of what is to come, [[m|en|dread]], anxiety.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(medicine)'' ''pavor aquae'', fear of water, hydrophobia.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Thrill, [[m|en|trepidation]] (in expectation).^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[pavefaciō]]

+ * [[paveō]]

+ * [[pavēscō]]

+ * [[pavibundus]]

+ * [[pavidē]]

+ * [[pavidus]]

+ * [[pavitātiō]]

+ * [[pavitō]]

+ * [[metus]]

+ * [[timor]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ The ''Appendix Probi'' insists on ''pavor'', not ''paor'', a sign that the /w/ was being lost between vowels.^(TLL)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}